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# Sustainable Finance Observatory

Aligning financial markets with the Paris Agreement goals

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- [XML Sitemap](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Tender Announcement: Design and development of an AI-based assessment software platform](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/tender-announcement-design-and-development-of-an-ai-based-assessment-software-platform-2/) - The Sustainable Finance Observatory and Advanced Impact Research GmbH invite applications under the tender procedure for the “design and development of an AI-based assessment software platform to streamline and standardize the evaluation of impact potential for financial products”. This tender is part of the EU-funded project “Impact investments: a proposal for (re)orientation”, cofinanced by the
- [Towards resilient cities: RISE-IN introduces its comprehensive stakeholder engagement methodology to co-create climate-resilient urban transformation](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/towards-resilient-cities-rise-in-introduces-its-comprehensive-stakeholder-engagement-methodology-to-co-create-climate-resilient-urban-transformation/) - Towards resilient cities: RISE-IN introduces its comprehensive stakeholder engagement methodology to co-create climate-resilient urban transformation
- [The Sustainable Finance Observatory Publishes Its 2024 Annual Report  ](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/the-sustainable-finance-observatory-publishes-its-2024-annual-report/) - The Sustainable Finance Observatory (SFO) publishes its 2024 Annual Report — the first since the strategic merger of two leading think tanks building on more than a decade of commitment to advance the sustainable finance agenda. Read the full 2024 Annual Report A New International Actor Bridging the Climate Finance Gap - 2024: A year
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory at a glance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/sustainable-finance-observatory-at-a-glance/) - WHO WE ARE The Sustainable Finance Observatory is an international, independent think tank specialised in mobilising private finance for a sustainable transition. The organisation is the result of the merger of the international think tank 2° Investing Initiative which has been a pioneering think tank in supporting private financiers on climate alignment and impact investing
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory’s Response to EBA Consultation on Pillar 3 ESG Reporting Framework](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/sustainable-finance-observatorys-response-to-eba-consultation-on-esg-risks/) - To read full response click below: Response to the European Banking Authority On 22 May 2025, the European Banking Authority (EBA) launched a consultation in relation to amended disclosure requirements for ESG risks, equity exposures and aggregate exposure to shadow banking entities within the framework of the European Commission’s Implementing Regulation on Pillar 3
- [A Revolution Is On The Way: Our New MFM AI Chatbot — The Personal Guide to Sustainable Investing!](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/a-revolution-is-on-the-way-our-new-mfm-ai-chatbot-the-personal-guide-to-sustainable-investing/) - The Sustainable Finance Observatory is proud to announce the launch of the first educational, publicly funded, and expert-guided AI chatbot on sustainable finance! Developed by our in-house experts and leveraging the extensive knowledge base of MyFairMoney, this innovative tool is designed to support retail investors, financial advisors, and educators in navigating the complexities of sustainable
- [Unlocking Public and Private Capital with Finance Expertise Hubs in Emerging and Developing Countries ](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/unlocking-public-and-private-capital-with-finance-expertise-hubs-in-emerging-and-developing-countries/) - François Gemenne presents the Report and Call to Action of the Sustainable Finance Observatory at the United Nations Financing for Development Conference - FfD4 in Seville. François Gemenne, President of the Sustainable Finance Observatory, an international think tank specialised in mobilising private capital for the transition, is presenting a Report and Call to Action on unlocking
- [Mobiliser les capitaux publics et privés grâce à des Hubs d’Expertise Financière dans les pays émergents et en développement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/mobiliser-les-capitaux-publics-et-prives-grace-a-des-hubs-dexpertise-financiere-dans-les-pays-emergents-et-en-developpement/) - François Gemenne présente le rapport et l’appel à l’action du Sustainable Finance Observatory à la Conférence des Nations unies, Financing for Development (FfD4), à Séville. François Gemenne, Président du Sustainable Finance Observatory, un think tank international spécialisé dans la mobilisation des capitaux privés pour la transition, présente un rapport et un appel à l’action sur
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory's Response to SFDR call for Evidence](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/sustainable-finance-observatorys-response-to-sfdr-call-for-evidence/) - .
- [François Gemenne appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Sustainable Finance Observatory](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/francois-gemenne-appointed-chairman-of-the-board-of-directors-of-the-sustainable-finance-observatory/) - At its Extraordinary General Meeting held on 22 April, the Sustainable Finance Observatory announced the appointment of François Gemenne as Chair of its Board of Directors.
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) Germany announces new partnership with the Vatican Bank to stress test risks related to the 10 biblical plagues](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2dii-germany-announces-new-partnership-with-the-vatican-bank-to-stress-test-risks-related-to-the-10-biblical-plagues/) - April 1st, 2022 – FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Vatican City/Berlin: Today, the 1in1000 research program of 2° Investing Initiative Germany is proud to announce a new research collaboration with the Vatican Bank. The 40-year program, hosted in our brand new 1in1000 facilities in Wilderness, Germany, will focus on understanding the potential risks and opportunities related to
- [US$150 billion per year: Tallying the cost of delayed climate action](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/tallying-the-cost-of-delayed-climate-action/) - US$150 billion per year. That’s the expected additional loss that the financial sector could face when climate action by companies is delayed, according to the launch report of a joint initiative by the Oxford Sustainable Finance Group at the University of Oxford and the non-profit think tank Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) According to the
- [Launch of first online & free climate scenario-based analysis tool](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/launch-of-first-online-free-climate-scenario-based-analysis-tool/) - The PRI, together with California Insurance Commissioner Dave Jones, is pleased to support the launch of a free-to-use, online tool – developed by Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) – for assessing climate transition risk in investor portfolios. This tool, the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment or PACTA tool, analyses exposure to transition risk in equity
- [Media statement: ING reveals 2°C scenario analysis method for corporate lending portfolios](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/media-statement-ing-reveals-2c-scenario-analysis-method-for-corporate-lending-portfolios/) - Today ING announced that it will start steering its €500 billion lending portfolio towards meeting the climate goals of the Paris Agreement after developing a cutting-edge, precise method to do this with Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII). The Paris Agreement aims to keep global warming as a result of climate change to two degrees Celsius
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) launches expert-led, multisector Advisory Group to advise on new governance for PACTA](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/advisory-group-to-advise-on-new-governance-for-pacta/) - The independent, non-profit think tank Sustainable Finance Observatory has launched an expert-led advisory group to advise on a new multistakeholder governance approach for the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) climate scenario analysis and alignment methodology. As PACTA’s community of users and capacities has expanded, Sustainable Finance Observatory is keen to address key governance, operational,
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) Transfers Stewardship of PACTA to RMI](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-transfers-stewardship-of-pacta-to-rmi/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) is transferring responsibility over the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) to RMI. PACTA is an open-source climate tool for financial institutions and regulators that measures the alignment of financial portfolios and companies with climate goals. Berlin / Paris / New York – June 8, 2022 Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly
- [Actu-Environnement: Coverage of our Long Investment Metrics report](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/actu-environnement-coverage-of-our-long-investment-metrics-report/) - Le secteur financier au chevet du climat 29 juillet 2013 | par Agnès Sinaï L'arithmétique du secteur financier ne devrait plus se limiter à la seule rentabilité à court terme. Une étude préconise de déployer un ensemble d'incitations et de méthodologies afin d'orienter vers des investissements climatiquement viables. Pour Jean-Pierre Sicard, directeur général délégué de
- [ADEME & Vous: Stratégie & études on shifting capital to a low-carbon economy](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/ademe-vous-strategie-etudes-on-shifting-capital-to-a-low-carbon-economy/) - The 40th issue of ADEME & Vous: Stratégie & études on shifting capital to a low-carbon economy is based in part on 2° Investing Initiative’s work. "La lutte contre le changement climatique, défi majeur pour nos sociétés, relève pour une part d’enjeux économiques et financiers, qu’il s’agisse d’atténuer le processus global de réchauffement en diminuantles émissions
- [Hugues Chenet in l’AGEFI: “La thématique climat conduit à revoir les modèles de portefeuilles"](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/hugues-chenet-in-lagefi-la-thematique-climat-conduit-a-revoir-les-modeles-de-portefeuilles/) - La thématique climat conduit à revoir les modèles de portefeuilles l'AGEFI HEBDO ... "Enfin, l’association Sustainable Finance Observatory (anciennement 2DII) coordonne depuis mars, avec le soutien de l’Europe et d’autres équipes de recherche, le projet SEI Metrics visant à aligner les processus d’investissement des institutions financières avec l’objectif des +2°C, « et à leur proposer
- [Ancien président de Sustainable Finance Observatory (anciennement 2DII) Jean-Pierre Sicard in Le Monde: « Mettre la finance au service du climat »](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/former-2ii-president-jean-pierre-sicard-in-le-monde-mettre-la-finance-au-service-du-climat/) - Le Monde: « Mettre la finance au service du climat » TRIBUNE Publié le 07 octobre 2014 La loi sur la transition énergétique, en débat à l’Assemblée nationale, doit inciter les investisseurs à « décarboner » leurs portefeuilles Les émissions de CO2 ont encore battu un record en 2013. Tous les acteurs économiques doivent prendre
- [Financial Times: "Indexers must warm to low carbon investing"](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/financial-times-indexers-must-warm-to-low-carbon-investing/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) was cited in an op-ed by Pauline Skypala published by the Financial Times, "Indexers must warm to low carbon investing." The piece focused on the implicit 4°-5°C bet of mainstream indices for its 2D portfolio publication Read more here.
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) key points on the implementation of Article 173-VI](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiatives-key-points-on-the-implementation-of-article-173-vi/) - Dec. 31, 2015: Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) provided a set of responses ahead of the implementation of Article 173-VI of the French Energy Transition Law, which focuses on climate and ESG disclosures by institutional investors. Find all of the key points here.
- [ESG Magazine: Accept the Climate Bet](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/esg-magazine-accept-the-climate-bet/) - By Jakob Thomae & Michael Hayne The climate change negotiations in Paris this December have already achieved one thing. The debate in the investment community is no longer about whether you believe in the transition to a low-carbon economy. The question is rather how ambitious that transition will be and how exactly it will materialise.
- [COP21 event: "Climate Change -- The Finance Sector and Pathways to 2°C”](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/cop21-event-climate-change-the-finance-sector-and-pathways-to-2c/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) participated in an event in the context of COP21, “Climate Change: The Finance Sector and Pathways to 2°C”. Watch the video here and read the speech by Banque de France’s Governor here.
- [First Green-Win Global Dialogue Workshop](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/first-green-win-global-dialogue-workshop/) - In April 2016, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) contributed to the first Green-Win Global Dialogue Workshop to develop a common vision for a green economy. Read more here.
- [Responsible Investor: FSB’s new climate disclosure task force urged to pool data to cut costs](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/responsible-investor-fsbs-new-climate-disclosure-task-force-urged-to-pool-data-to-cut-costs/) - Think-tank queries climate change as a “systemic risk” to investors by: Jan Wagner Feb 22nd, 2016 As the Financial Stability Board’s (FSB) new task force on corporate climate change reporting begins its work, an influential think-tank has weighed in, suggesting that the relevant climate data be pooled to cut costs and simplify matters. It has
- [New Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) members: Allianz Climate Solutions & Allianz Global Investors](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-2-investing-initiative-members-allianz-climate-solutions-allianz-global-investors/) - Allianz Climate Solutions and Allianz Global Investors have joined Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII), the Paris-based research firm promoting a better understanding of the impact of climate change on investments. They said they hoped to co-develop analytical tools to improve investments strategies that will benefit both climate and clients. Read more about the news in
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) launches ISO standard in partnership with UNFCCC & AFNOR](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-launches-iso-standard-in-partnership-with-unfccc-afnor/) - Feb. 8th 2017 – On behalf of International Standard Organisation (ISO) and the French Standard Organisation (AFNOR), 2 Degrees Investing Initiative invited to the kick-off meeting of the new ISO Standard on climate and the finance sector: ISO 14097. This project lasts three years, and has been proposed by Stan Dupre (CEO of Sustainable Finance
- [Launch of Asset-level Data Initiative (ADI)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/launch-of-asset-level-data-initiative-adi/) - April 7, 2017 Oxford University Sustainable Finance Program, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) , CDP, and Stanford University have jointly launched the Asset-Level Data Initiative (ADI). ADI is non-commercial research-based initiative to support the bringing together of existing asset-level data with new sources of data. It supports efforts to collect, verify, and distribute asset-level data on all
- [California Senate Public Employment and Retirement Committee pass Senate bill 560](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/california-senate-public-employment-and-retirement-committee-pass-senate-bill-560/) - On April 25th, 2017, the California Senate Public Employment and Retirement Committee passed Senate bill 560 (SB -560) requesting CalPERS and CalSTRS, the two largest public pension funds in the US, to report annually on “the financial climate risks of [their] investments, including the alignment of [their] portfolios with the Paris Climate Agreement and California climate policy
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) appoints Simon Messenger to lead engagements with companies and investors](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-appoints-simon-messenger-to-lead-its-engagements-with-companies-and-investors/) - Stan Dupré, Founder of 2°ii, said: “We are delighted to have Simon on board. He will bring a vast amount of experience and expertise to oversee our expanding programme of work to align the financial sector with the 2°C climate goals of the Paris Agreement. Particularly exciting is that he will help to develop further our pioneering work on 2°C scenario analyses with companies and investors in response to the recommendations of the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).”
- [Webinar recording on climate scenario analysis and our PACTA tool](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/webinar-on-climate-scenario-analysis-and-our-pacta-tool/) - On October 8, 2018, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) held a webinar on climate scenario analysis and the new Paris Agreement Capital Assessment tool, which we developed to assess the alignment of investor portfolios with the goals of the Paris Agreement. A recording of the webinar is now available here.
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) appointed to the FRC Future of Corporate Reporting Advisory Group](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/appointment-to-frc-future-of-corporate-reporting-advisory-group/) - We are pleased to announce that Simon Messenger has been appointed to the UK Financial Reporting Council's (FRC) Future of Corporate Reporting Advisory Group. The group will provide input and give advice to the FRC as it develops its project on the future of corporate reporting. Simon Messenger, Director for France and the UK at
- [Announcement: Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) is now a GRESB industry partner](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/copy-2/) - We are delighted to announce that Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) just became a GRESB industry partner and now belongs to the GRESB Strategic Alliance Partnership. In the scope of our collaboration with Beyond Ratings, we are currently developing a platform for national climate technology and investment transition pathways. This model will cover 10 sectors,
- [17 international banks now piloting the Sustainable Finance Observatory's (formerly 2DII) flagship climate scenario analysis methodology](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/17-international-banks-now-piloting-the-2-investing-initiatives-flagship-climate-scenario-analysis-methodology/) - The engagement represents a major step forward in the banking sector’s contributions to measuring climate alignment Ahead of New York Climate Week 2019, the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) is delighted to announce the international banks that are road testing the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) methodology for climate scenario analysis of corporate lending
- [Now launched: the Bank of England stress test](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/now-launched-the-bank-of-england-stress-test-on-transitionmonitor-com/) - In August, the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) officially launched the Bank of England climate insurance stress-testing tool on the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) website. The tool uses the breakdown of exposure to different climate-relevant sectors to calculate the effects of climate stress on the portfolio's value. UK insurance companies, as well as
- [Our op-ed on Ethical Corporation: Tackling the last frontier in climate finance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/our-op-ed-on-ethical-corporation-tackling-the-last-frontier-in-climate-finance/) - Jakob Thomae of Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) explains how 17 international banks are road-testing a new methodology to address the barriers that have prevented banks from aligning more fully with the Paris Agreement. Ahead of New York Climate Week 2019, the sustainable finance sector has made important strides toward meeting one of the Paris
- [IP&E: Climate change: PRI develops ‘inevitable policy response’ forecast](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/ipe-climate-change-pri-develops-inevitable-policy-response-forecast/) - By Susanna Rust Investors should be braced for governments to act forcefully but in an uncoordinated fashion on climate change within the next five years, according to the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI). The organisation last week released major research papers related to modelling the financial impact of what it has called the ‘Investable Policy Response’ (IPR).
- [Enhancing transparency and aligning private financial flows with the Paris Agreement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/enhancing-transparency-and-aligning-private-financial-flows-with-the-paris-agreement/) - New joint initiative presented by Switzerland & the Netherlands, with technical support from the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII), at the UN Climate Action Summit Despite progress in recent years, the finance sector is still falling short of what’s needed to address climate change. To help bridge this gap, Switzerland and the Netherlands are calling
- [Now launched: New partnership with the Japan Financial Services Agency (JFSA)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/now-launched-new-partnership-with-the-japan-financial-services-agency-jfsa/) - Following our successful application for the Japan Financial Services Agency (JFSA) special research fellowship, we are proud to announce a new partnership to conduct an impact evaluation of climate-related risks to Japan’s financial stability. The project will be led by Jakob Thomae, managing director at 2° Investing Initiative, and Hugues Chenet, co-founder and board member
- [Official launch of the Climate Tech Compass, a new platform to help investors align with the Paris Agreement goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/official-launch-of-the-climate-tech-compass-a-new-platform-to-help-investors-align-with-the-paris-agreement-goals/) - As COP25 kicks off, the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) and Beyond Ratings are delighted to announce the official launch of the Climate Tech Compass, which helps governments, corporates, and financial institutions align their investments and policies with the Paris Agreement goals. About the Climate Tech Compass The Compass provides a roadmap of investments, energy capacity,
- [Allianz France, Australian Ethical, Aviva France, AXA, Citi, and Ircantec recognized at the International Climate Reporting Awards](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/allianz-france-australian-ethical-aviva-france-axa-citi-and-ircantec-recognized-at-the-international-climate-reporting-awards/) - Under the High Patronage of Brune Poirson, Secretary of State to the Minister for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition, Arnaud Leroy, CEO of ADEME, announced the winners of the International Climate Reporting Awards on November 28, 2019. Created in 2016, the awards are intended to reward financial institutions that integrate environmental criteria into their activities
- [The Katowice commitment: one year on](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/the-katowice-commitment-one-year-on/) - As COP25 begins in Madrid, the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) and the five Katowice signatories look back on progress over the past year and what's ahead. Find the full statement below: As five leading global banks with a combined loan book of over €2.4 trillion - BBVA, BNP Paribas, ING, Société Générale and Standard
- [Finance ClimAct: Implementing the French action plan on sustainable finance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/finance-climact-implementing-the-french-action-plan-on-sustainable-finance/) - We are delighted to announce the launch of a new project, "Finance ClimAct", to align the French and European action plans on sustainable finance and to strengthen French positioning on this topic.
- [New stress-test scenarios for COVID-19](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-stress-test-scenarios-for-covid-19/) - In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the threat it represents to society, the economy, and financial markets, the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) network will be launching a series of emergency response measures to support our stakeholders and members in managing and mitigating the crisis. The speed and magnitude of the disruption might eventually
- [Jakob Thomä appointed Senior Fellow at the SOAS Centre for Sustainable Finance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/jakob-thoma-appointed-senior-fellow-at-the-soas-centre-for-sustainable-finance/) - We are pleased to share that the SOAS Centre for Sustainable Finance has announced the appointment of Dr Jakob Thomä as a Senior Fellow. Jakob is one of the leading global experts on sustainability and climate risk measurement in financial markets. As Managing Director of the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) Jakob leads one of the
- [Leading global car companies set to miss key climate target](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/leading-car-company-production-plans-set-to-miss-key-climate-target/) - Key takeaways: Auto company production plans require fundamental change to meet Paris Agreement goals and avoid emitting 1.5 billion tonnes of CO2 43 million more internal combustion engine vehicles set to be produced than needed No single production plan of 14 leading auto companies is fully aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement, according
- [Submissions now open for the 2020 International Climate Reporting Awards](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/submissions-now-open-for-the-2020-international-climate-reporting-awards/) - In October 2020, financial institutions from around the world will once again be recognized for the quality of their climate-related reporting at the International Climate Reporting Awards. Organized by the French Ministry for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition, the French Ecological Transition Agency (ADEME), the non-profit think tank Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII), as well
- [Deadline for the International Climate Reporting Awards extended to Friday, 31st July](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/deadline-for-the-international-climate-reporting-awards-extended-to-friday-31st-july/) - Due to the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and many applicants' subsequent delays in preparing TCFD reporting, we are pushing back the deadline for the International Climate Reporting Awards to Friday, 31st July at 11:59pm Paris time. Organized by the French Ministry for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition, the French Ecological Transition Agency (ADEME),Sustainable Finance
- [New reports on climate scenario analysis in Latin America](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-reports-on-climate-scenario-analysis-in-latin-america/) - The first quantitative assessments of Latin American financial institutions’ potential exposure to transition risks Latin America is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change, with exposure to both physical risks (floods, droughts, etc.) and transition risks associated with the shift to a low-carbon economy. However, efforts to understand and respond to transition risks,
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) & Carbon Tracker ink new research collaboration to strengthen climate scenario analysis abilities](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-carbon-tracker-ink-new-research-collaboration-to-strengthen-climate-scenario-analysis-abilities/) - LONDON/PARIS/BERLIN/NYC, July 1st - The non-profit think tanks Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) and Carbon Tracker Initiative announce a new collaboration to provide an integrated climate scenario analysis solution for financial institutions and companies, based on their existing and upcoming research capabilities. The collaboration brings together the analytics of the two largest independent think tanks
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) wins Environmental Finance award for ESG research of the year](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2dii-wins-environmental-finance-award-for-esg-research-of-the-year/) - The Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) was recognised by the awards judges for its innovative and timely modelling of the impact caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) , a think tank promoting the integration of climate risks in investment strategies, published a series of 'snap' Covid-19 stress-test scenarios in March –
- [PACTA methodology hits new milestones, with over 150 Swiss financial institutions signed up for coordinated government assessments](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/pacta-methodology-hits-new-milestones/) - More than 150 Swiss investors, including some of the country’s biggest banks, insurances, and pension funds, have now signed up to test the climate alignment of their portfolios with the PACTA scenario analysis methodology – representing a new milestone in global uptake of the tool. The assessments come in the context of the PACTA 2020
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) launches first-of-its-kind responsible investing platform](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-launches-first-of-its-kind-responsible-investing-platform/) - Access MyFairMoney in English here. Access MyFairMoney in French here. More than ever before, consumers want to invest in “socially responsible,” “sustainable” or ESG funds. But how sustainable are these funds, really? How can advisors steer their clients towards the most suitable products? And how can financial advisors and consumers alike navigate the maze of
- [PACTA 2020 Swiss Assessment: 80% of the market assessed in first-of-its kind study of the Swiss financial sector’s alignment with climate goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/bridging-the-gap/) - This broad, comparable analysis covering all major Swiss financial market participants shows progress on alignment with climate goals, but major gaps remain. Switzerland is the first of several major European financial centers – including France, Austria, Sweden, and Norway – set to measure progress on finance-related climate goals in the run-up to COP26. There has
- [AXA, Barclays, Federated Hermes, and ERAFP take top prizes at the International Climate Reporting Awards](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/international-climate-reporting-awards-winners-2020/) - A jury composed of 13 sustainable finance experts has chosen AXA, Barclays, and Federated Hermes as the winners of this year’s International Climate Reporting Awards. The Jury’s Prize was awarded to ERAFP (the French public service additional pension scheme). This third edition of the Awards was organized by the French Ministry for the Ecological Transition
- [Sustainable Finance & Consumer Protection Webinar: Overview & key takeaways](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/sustainable-finance-consumer-protection-webinar-overview-key-takeaways/) - Prior to the European Commission’s stakeholder meeting on the Ecolabel for Financial Products on 25th March, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) and BETTER FINANCE hosted a webinar to discuss critical sustainable finance and consumer protection issues. Panellists discussed issues including retail funds’ misleading marketing claims; challenges associated with environmental impact measurement; consumers’ sustainable investment preferences;
- [New report series and consumer-focused surveys show European retail clients are ready to invest sustainably](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-report-series-and-consumer-focused-surveys-show-european-retail-investors-are-ready-to-invest-sustainably/) - But greenwashing and mis-selling prevent investors from achieving their sustainability objectives, according to a series of new reports and consumer-focused surveys by the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII). This research is designed to help shape the financial reform agenda in the European Green Deal and policy initiatives under the Sustainable Finance Action Plan (namely the
- [EIOPA publishes new climate risk sensitivity analysis with contributions from Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/eiopa-new-climate-risk-sensitivity-analysis/) - The initiative reflects growing interest by supervisors in how climate-related risks will affect the portfolio values of their regulated entities Just after the fifth anniversary of the Paris Agreement, today the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) published a new sensitivity analysis of climate-change related transition risks in the investment portfolio of European insurers.
- [From Bogotá to Brussels: Greetings from Sustainable Finance Observatory](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-years-greetings-from-the-2dii-team/) - Chinese, American, French, Colombian, British, Dutch...The Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) wish you a Happy New Year 2021. Watch the video (English) Regardez en français This year promises to be a critical one for Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) and for the sustainable finance sector at large, as we progress on our key research initiatives
- [Financial supervision beyond the business cycle: towards a new paradigm](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/financial-supervision-beyond-the-business-cycle-towards-a-new-paradigm/) - New working paper in partnership with Oxford Sustainable Finance Program and INSPIRE At the turn of the decade, a specific class of risks are coming increasingly into focus - long-term risks (LTRs). Pandemic, climate change, and social resilience represent major threats both to economies and sound and stable financial markets. This paper explores both the
- [New PACTA tool helps investors measure Paris alignment & comply with upcoming rules](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/now-live-the-new-interactive-pacta-tool-for-investors/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) is proud to announce a suite of improvements to the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) tool. For the first time, investors can now analyze multiple portfolios simultaneously, save their results online, and receive interactive results on their alignment with the Paris climate goals (view a sample report here). They
- [New report: How can financial sector taxes contribute to climate goals?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-report-how-can-financial-sector-taxes-contribute-to-climate-goals/) - New report from Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) examines the "missing piece" in the financial policy debate around climate goals – financial sector taxes. Since the Global Financial Crisis, policymakers around the globe have focused increasingly on financial sector taxes as a way to generate revenue and achieve broader policy goals. In parallel, climate-related taxes
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) launches new tool to help French financial institutions perform the ACPR 2020 climate exercise](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-launches-new-tool-to-help-french-financial-institutions-perform-the-acpr-2020-climate-exercise/) - On the fifth anniversary of the Paris Agreement, this tool will enable investors to perform the 2020 climate exercise requested by the ACPR and better understand their portfolios’ potential exposure to the risks associated with climate change. Building on its work with major global investors and supervisors, Sustainable Finance Observatory is proud to announce the
- [A joint methodology to help align credit portfolios with the goals of the Paris Agreement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/a-joint-methodology-to-help-align-credit-portfolios-with-the-goals-of-the-paris-agreement/) - Today, international banks BBVA, BNP Paribas, ING, Société Générale and Standard Chartered (also known as ‘the Katowice Banks’) published a report on the application of the PACTA methodology, designed to steer their credit portfolios towards the objective of the Paris Climate Agreement. This report aims at helping banking peers to quickly understand and apply this
- [New head of PACTA, other promotions & hires at Sustainable Finance Observatory (formely 2DII)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-head-of-pacta-other-promotions-hires-at-2-investing-initiative/) - We’re pleased to announce the appointment of Maarten Vleeschhouwer as new Head of PACTA, beginning in August 2020. He is joining us from the European Commission’s DG FISMA, where he is a seconded national expert assisting in the implementation of the Commission Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth. Prior to that, he worked at the
- [Five years on from Paris: new report examines the financial sector's climate-related commitments](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/five-years-on-from-paris/) - Despite widespread pledges by financial institutions to contribute more to global climate goals, we still have not witnessed any widescale decarbonization of the economy. This raises the urgent question of which types of actions are most effective – and which are just hot air. Marking the fifth anniversary of the Paris Agreement, Sustainable Finance Observatory
- [Next steps from Sustainable Finance Observatory (formely 2DII) on target-setting and climate actions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/next-steps-from-2-investing-initiative-on-target-setting-and-climate-actions/) - In February 2020, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formely 2DII) launched a consultation process to inform our research program on measuring the impact of the financial sector’s climate actions on the real economy. Since then, nearly 60 organizations have sent us written feedback through our formal consultation survey, and many more have reached out bilaterally to share
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) launches PACTA for Banks, a first-of-its-kind climate scenario analysis toolkit](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/pacta-for-banks/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formely 2DII) announces the launch of PACTA for Banks, a free, open-source climate scenario analysis toolkit based on the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) methodology. The methodology, data, and software are available here. Developed with the input of leading global banks, universities, and NGOs, PACTA for Banks enables users to measure the
- [Reuters op-ed: How to unlock the banking sector’s potential to address climate change](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/reuters-op-ed-how-to-unlock-the-banking-sectors-potential-to-address-climate-change/) - Reuters Events Sustainable Business | 25 September 2020 Comment: Maarten Vleeschhouwer of the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) and Antoni Ballabriga of BBVA look at how banks are responding to the challenge to play a central role in achieving the Paris Agreement goals In his speech to the High-Level UN Climate Change roundtable this week,
- [Wie nachhaltig sind Investmentfonds wirklich? Sustainable Finance Impact (formell 2DII) lanciert unabhängige Plattform MeinFairMögen](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-launches-independent-platform-myfairmoney/) - Das Thema Nachhaltigkeit steht in der Finanzbranche im Fokus. Immer mehr Menschen wollen mit ESG-konformen Fonds einen Beitrag zur Lösung der gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen leisten. Doch wie nachhaltig sind solche Fonds wirklich? Die Plattform MeinFairMögen schafft ab sofort Klarheit, ob Fonds den Nachhaltigkeitskriterien wie zum Beispiel dem Pariser Klimaabkommen auch wirklich entsprechen. Der Thinktank Sustainable Finance
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (anciennement 2DII) lance la première plateforme en ligne sur l’épargne responsable de son genre](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2dii-lance-la-premiere-plateforme-en-ligne-sur-lepargne-responsable-de-son-genre/) - Aujourd’hui plus que jamais, les épargnants veulent investir dans des produits financiers "socialement responsables", "durables" ou prenant en compte les aspects extra-financiers (Environnementaux, Sociaux et de Gouvernance ou ESG). Mais dans quelle mesure ces produits sont-ils vraiment durables ? Comment leurs conseillers financiers peuvent-ils les orienter vers les produits les plus appropriés ? Et comment
- [Climate Transparency Hub : Appel à contribution Reporting Climat](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/climate-transparency-hub-appel-a-contribution-reporting-climat/) - Nous sommes ravis d’annoncer l’ouverture des contributions au Climate Transparency Hub (Plateforme de la Transparence Climatique) destiné à mettre en avant les meilleures pratiques de reporting climat des institutions financières françaises. Le Climate Transparency Hub (CTH) vise à soutenir l’amélioration continue des rapports et de suivre le progrès des pratiques mises en oeuvre pour répondre
- [New report: How can we prevent future bailouts?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/how-to-prevent-future-bailouts/) - Non-financial corporates are massively underprepared for future economic crises and overly reliant on government bailouts, according to a new report published by Sustainable Finance Observatory (Formerly 2DII). The report, “A Corporate Rainy-Day Fund,” is published as the COVID-19 crisis has triggered what may be the largest bailout of modern times, and as climate change is
- [Responsible Investor: Where do carbon emissions go when they’re no longer in your portfolio?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/where-do-carbon-emissions-go/) - A recent assessment of the Swiss economy sheds light on the difference between portfolio change and real-world impact by: Maarten Vleeschhouwer, Head of PACTA, and Fiona Spuler, Analyst at Sustainable Finance Observatory (Formerly 2DII) Published by Responsible Investor on Dec 3rd, 2020 There is growing hope that the financial sector can contribute to decarbonizing the
- [Un nouvel outil pour aider les institutions financières françaises à réaliser l'exercice climatique ACPR 2020](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/un-nouvel-outil-pour-aider-les-institutions-financieres-francaises-a-realiser-lexercice-climatique-acpr-2020/) - À l'occasion du cinquième anniversaire de l'accord de Paris, cet outil permettra aux investisseurs de réaliser l'exercice climatique demandé par l’ACPR et de mieux comprendre l'exposition potentielle de leurs portefeuilles aux risques liés au changement climatique. S'appuyant sur son travail avec des investisseurs et superviseurs du monde entier, Sustainable Finance Observatory(anciennement 2DII) est fier d'annoncer
- [Evolutions at Sustainable Finance Observatory(formerly 2DII) - A statement from the Boards of Directors of the Sustainable Finance Observatory](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/evolutions-at-2-investing-initiative-a-statement-from-the-boards-of-directors-of-the-2dii-network/) - OFFICIAL STATEMENT FROM THE BOARDS OF SUSTAINABLE FINANCE OBSERVATORY FRANCE, GERMANY AND USA Berlin / Paris / New York, December 23, 2020 Over the past 6 months, the Global Steering Committee (GSC) of the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) network – consisting of the Boards of the French, German, and US entities - have validated
- [New report assesses the alignment of Liechtenstein's financial sector with climate goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-report-assesses-the-alignment-of-liechtensteins-financial-sector-with-climate-goals/) - According to a new report published as part of the PACTA 2020 coordinated climate assessments, Liechtenstein's financial sector is misaligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement, despite rising awareness of climate change among financial institutions. About the PACTA 2020 Initiative One of the goals of the Paris Agreement is to make financial flows consistent
- [Save the Date: European Finance Summit, March 18th](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/save-the-date-european-finance-summit-march-18th/) - The European Finance Summit, scheduled for March 18th, is focused on the theme, “From finance leaders to changemakers - Sustainable recovery & green transition." This one-day conference will bring together local and international experts to discuss challenges, best practices, and other issues in the green finance sector, with a special focus on a sustainable recovery.
- [Commentaires et propositions pour le Comité Scientifique de l’Observatoire de la Finance Durable](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/commentaires-pour-le-comite-scientifique-de-lobservatoire-de-la-finance-durable/) - Finance for Tomorrow et les fédérations de la place financière française ont récemment lancé un Observatoire de la Finance Durable afin de renforcer la transparence de leurs pratiques en matière de durabilité. Cet Observatoire a été développé dans le cadre du projet Finance Climact, financé par la Commission Européenne, dont Sustainable Finance Observatory(anciennement 2DII) est
- [ERAFP, KBC, Aviva & AXA take top prizes at this year’s International Climate Reporting Awards](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/climate-reporting-awards-2021/) - For the fourth edition of the International Climate Reporting Awards, a high-level event brought together global sustainable finance experts to discuss the role of climate disclosures in the net-zero transition. The event was held as part of Paris for Tomorrow Week and organized by the French Agency for Ecological Transition (ADEME), the Ministry of Ecological
- [Thibaut Ghirardi featured on two podcasts by Monéthique and Imperial College Business School](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/thibaut-ghirardi-featured-on-imperial-business-monethique-podcasts/) - Last week, Senior Manager Thibaut Ghirardi at Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) appeared on two podcasts organized by the sustainable insurance company Goodvest (in French) and Imperial College Business School (in English). Read more about the podcasts and follow the links to listen! Monéthique, le podcast de la finance durable (FR): Thibaut Ghirardi, Senior Manager
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory(formerly 2DII) to work with Norwegian government to measure the financial industry’s alignment with climate goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2dii-to-work-with-norwegian-government-to-measure-the-financial-industrys-alignment-with-climate-goals/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory(formerly 2DII) is supporting the Norwegian Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Climate and the Environment in a new initiative to help financial institutions measure their alignment with the Paris Agreement objectives. As a key part of the initiative, FIs will use 2DII’s Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) tool to gauge
- [New Climate Impact Management System opens for consultation](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-climate-impact-management-system-opens-for-consultation/) - Beta version by Sustainable Finance Observatory's (formerly 2DII) Evidence for Impact Program and ADEME, part of the European Commission-funded Finance ClimAct project, aims to help financial institutions design scientifically sound climate impact strategies Stakeholders are invited to offer feedback (by June 7th) and pilot test the framework Recently, there has been a surge in financial
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) at COP26](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-at-cop26/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) experts are taking an active role at COP26, which has placed special emphasis on the role of finance in achieving the Paris Agreement goals. Throughout COP, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) are co-organizing side events and appearing at panels to present our research, tools, and insights on the road to
- [Thibaut Ghirardi appointed Managing Director of Sustainable Finance Observatory's (formerly 2DII) French office](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/thibaut-ghirardi-appointed-managing-director-of-2diis-french-office/) - [En français ci-dessous] Following a decision of the Board of Directors of Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII), Thibaut Ghirardi, 31, has been appointed Managing Director of the French office of the think tank that was founded almost 10 years ago. A rapid rise for this AgroParisTech and HEC Paris graduate who joined 2DII a year
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (antes 2DII) en Latinoamérica: Publicaciones y nuevos proyectos en 2021](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2dii-en-latinoamerica-publicaciones-y-nuevos-proyectos-en-2021/) - El Programa de Mercados Emergentes de Sustainable Finance Observatory (antes 2DII) ha logrado contribuir significativamente en la identificación y medición de los riesgos asociados al cambio climático en Latinoamérica a través de alianzas con asociaciones industriales, autoridades de supervisión y gobiernos. En 2021, se espera que el trabajo continúe aportando al análisis de los riesgos
- [Sustainable finance & market integrity: Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) paper identifies critical regulatory gaps](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/sustainable-finance-market-integrity/) - Environmental impact claims in the finance sector are failing to meet general consumer protection principles Review of environmental impact claims for sustainable funds available to retail investors in France reveals significant concerns about the current extent of greenwashing In recent years, there has been a significant rise in financial institutions communicating their activities in the
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory(formerly 2DII) collaborates with NY Department of Financial Services in study of New York domestic insurers’ exposure to transition risks](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2dii-dfs-study/) - The study is among the first by a US supervisor to measure the industry’s exposure to climate-related financial risks, following 'Sustainable Finance Observatory's collaboration with the California Department of Insurance The New York Department of Financial Services (DFS) today released a report analyzing New York domestic insurers’ exposure to the financial risks arising from
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) launches 1in1000, a research program to help financial institutions and supervisors address future risks and challenges](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2dii-launches-1in1000/) - The program aims to integrate risks posed by climate change, ecosystem service & biodiversity loss, and the breakdown of social cohesion into financial processes and regulations It will focus on developing long-term risk metrics, designing risk management tools & frameworks, and building capacity for financial institutions and supervisors Today, the non-profit think tank Sustainable Finance
- [PACTA for Banks: new sector, new scenarios, & other updates](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/pacta-for-banks-updates/) - It has been nearly one year since Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) launched PACTA for Banks, a free, open-source climate scenario analysis toolkit that enables users to measure the alignment of their corporate lending portfolios with various climate scenarios. Now, Sustainable Finance Observatory is proud to announce a number of enhancements: new scenarios, data, and
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) contributes to PACTA climate alignment assessment of the Austrian financial sector](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/pacta-cop-austria/) - As part of the PACTA COP initiative, Sustainable Finance Observatory contributed to the first-ever climate alignment assessment of the Austrian financial sector. The assessment showed that there is growing interest in climate action in the Austrian financial sector, but much work remains to be done in order to align with the Paris goals. Read the
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) responds to the TCFD's consultation on portfolio alignment](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2dii-response-tcfd/) - From June-July 2021, the Taskforce on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) sought public comment on two documents: Proposed Guidance on Climate-related Metrics, Targets, and Transition Plans and the associated Measuring Portfolio Alignment: Technical Supplement. In response to the consultation, today 2° Investing Initiative published a report containing our feedback and recommendations on portfolio alignment and implied
- [A citizen footprint of your voting, investment & consumption choices](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/a-citizens-footprint/) - Eine deutsche Textversion finden Sie unten Voting for climate-friendly political parties in Germany & the UK could be the best way to minimize your carbon footprint Ahead of German elections on September 26th, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) finds in a new study that voting for climate-friendly parties can be the most important action a
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory to help harness green finance in Malaysia, as part of the UK PACT Program](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/green-finance-malaysia/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII), WWF UK, and WWF Malaysia will contribute to a new initiative on green finance in Malaysia, as part of the £1.4 million UK PACT program by the UK government. The project, “Harnessing Green Finance through Climate-related Risk Management and Opportunities in Malaysia," will contribute to Malaysia’s carbon emissions reduction by
- [Helping financial institutions, supervisors and central banks develop risk and sustainability profiles for SMEs](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/developing-risk-and-sustainability-profiles-for-smes/) - The Paris Agreement Strategy & Taxonomy Assessment project will develop a climate-related database covering at least 200,000 SMEs across Europe The global, non-profit think tank Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) has launched a new project to develop a climate database on SMEs, to help financial institutions and supervisors obtain more precise company-level risk and sustainability information.
- [COP26: Taking stock of national financial sector alignment with climate goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/cop26-tracking-progress/) - 16 countries have conducted coordinated climate alignment exercises, covering more than €11 trillion in assets and over 2,600 financial institutions COP26 marks a milestone in assessing progress against the Paris Agreement objective to align financial flows with climate goals, enshrined under Article 2.1c. At the time of the Paris Agreement in 2015, tools to track
- [The UK’s forgotten fossil fuel subsidy](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/the-uks-forgotten-fossil-fuel-subsidy/) - UK government subsidizes fossil fuel investments in ISAs & pension products to the tune of nearly half a billion pounds per year When it comes to fossil fuel subsidies, most people do not think of tax incentives on savings and pension products. But they can represent a significant unmapped source of funding for the fossil
- [Making a Real Impact: the Climate Impact Management System for Financial Institutions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/climate-impact-management-system/) - New guidelines by Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) and ADEME, part of the European Commission-funded Finance ClimAct project, aim to help financial institutions design scientifically sound climate contribution strategies Impact has risen to the top of the sustainable finance agenda, as shown by the theme of tomorrow’s Climate Finance Day 2021. Meanwhile, a growing number of
- [New webinar series: Driving climate impact through engagement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-webinar-series-driving-climate-impact-through-engagement/) - Are you an asset owner? Do you want to know how you can drive climate action in the real economy? Our webinar series is for you! WWF, along with Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) and other partners, is organising a series of four webinars to help asset owners and managers better understand their impact on
- [lance MyFairMoney, plateforme en ligne indépendante et gratuite sur l’épargne durable](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/my-fair-money-france/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (anciennement 2DII), think tank européen indépendant, annonce aujourd'hui le lancement de MyFairMoney, plateforme française indépendante, gratuite et à but non lucratif, sur l’épargne durable dédiée aux investisseurs individuels et à leurs conseillers financiers. Les missions de la plateforme : informer et sensibiliser sur l’investissement durable, aider les investisseurs à définir leur profil
- [MyFairMoney - A new finance platform for retail investors who want to invest sustainably](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/my-fair-money/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) has today announced the launch of its retail investment platform, "MyFairMoney”, which aims to provide transparent, impartial information for retail investors looking to marry their sustainability preferences with personal investment decisions. Available in English and French, MyFairMoney is among the first solutions in Europe incorporating multi-data inputs into its analysis
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory’s(formerly 2DII) litigation, physical, and transition risk models featured in EIOPA’s latest ORSA guidance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/eiopa-orsa-guidance/) - New risk models by the non-profit think tank Sustainable Finance Observatory have contributed to the European Insurance and Occupational Pension Authority (EIOPA’s) latest application guidance on Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA), published on 10th December. The ORSA outlines expectations on running climate change materiality assessment and using climate change scenarios, building in part on
- [PACTA and Inevitable Policy Response announce new Transition Disruption Metric](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/transition-disruption-metric/) - PACTA’s new Transition Disruption Metric, developed in collaboration with the Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) consortium, indicates the degree of potential future portfolio disruption stemming from a disorderly transition Sustainable Finance Observatory’s (formerly 2DII) portfolio alignment tool will inform investors about possible portfolio disruption according to the IPR's Forecast Policy Scenario out to 2030 The PACTA
- [Heading north? Assessing the alignment of Norway’s financial sector with the Paris Agreement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/assessing-the-alignment-of-norways-financial-sector-with-the-paris-agreement/) - With more and more financial institutions setting 2050 net zero targets through the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero, the next question is how to measure near-term progress towards those targets. After all, the IPCCC has calculated that it’s increasingly important to not only look assess progress on aligning with climate goals in the long-term
- [1in1000 launches climate stress-test simulation game, in partnership with SOAS Centre for Sustainable Finance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/1in1000-launches-climate-stress-test-simulation-game/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory's (Formerly 2DII) 1in1000 programme on long-term risks, in partnership with the SOAS Centre for Sustainable Finance, has launched a new climate stress-test simulation game that allows users to simulate different strategies and choices around the design of climate-related stress-tests and scenario analysis. The game was originally developed with the financial support of
- [Most ESG finance professionals think aggregated ESG ratings should be abolished, according to pulse survey](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/most-esg-finance-professionals-think-aggregated-esg-ratings-should-be-abolished-according-to-pulse-survey/) - There is significant disagreement amongst sustainable finance stakeholders about the value of ESG ratings, with over half saying they should be scrapped altogether, according to a pulse survey carried out by Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII). 169 respondents answered the survey from 10-18 May, including roughly 50% ESG finance professionals, as well as stakeholders from
- [First-ever countrywide assessment sees Luxembourg financial institutions analyze their alignment with the Paris Agreement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/luxembourg-pacta-analysis/) - The Luxembourg Sustainable Finance Initiative (LSFI), in collaboration with the non-profit think tank Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) , has undertaken the first-ever countrywide climate scenario analysis of Luxembourg financial institutions. The analysis, which ran from June 2021 to February 2022, used the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) methodology to assess the alignment of
- [COP26 Financial Sector Expert Group report calls for real emissions reductions accounting in the context of climate target-setting](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/cop26-financial-sector-expert-group-report/) - The COP26 Finance Sector Expert Group for Race to Zero and Race to Resilience (FSEG), established by the High-Level Climate Champions, have published a new discussion paper, “How Can Net Zero Finance Best Drive Positive Impact in the Real Economy”. Read the paper here. The discussion paper highlights the need for net zero targets and
- [Climate Action 100+ Net Zero Company Benchmark, developed with technical support from Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII), reveals insufficient corporate progress on climate action](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/climate-action-100-net-zero-company-benchmark/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory is a provider of alignment metrics and a member of the Technical Advisory Group to the Climate Action 100+ initiative’s Net Zero Company Benchmark. Using the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) methodology and data from Asset Resolution, 2DII provided CA100+ with alignment assessments for five carbon-intensive sectors, which will be used as
- [How has the Ukraine war impacted the Green Market Sentiment Indices?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/how-has-the-ukraine-war-impacted-the-green-market-sentiment-indices/) - To track the impact of the Ukraine war on financial sentiment around the green recovery and the low-carbon transition, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) has updated its Financial Green Market Sentiment Indexes (GMSI) - Europe. Access the updated dashboard here. The GMSI was developed by Sustainable Finance Observatory’s 1in1000 Program on long-term risks in order
- [Measuring the fossil fuel industry’s transition to a net-zero energy economy](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/measuring-the-fossil-fuel-industrys-transition-to-a-net-zero-energy-economy/) - Even before the war in Ukraine and the energy crisis it provoked, the fossil fuel industry was, from the point of view of achieving net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, considered to be a sunset industry. Now, Russia’s invasion has spurred new urgency in Europe around the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. More than
- [Acting now on climate change means the cost of saving a life would be 2-3 times lower than during the pandemic](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/covid-19-and-climate-change/) - By acting now on climate change, the cost of saving a life would be 2-3x lower than saving a life during the pandemic, according to a new study of government responses to Covid by Sustainable Finance Observatory's (formerly 2DII) long-term risks research program, 1in1000. Currently, policymakers’ continued lack of action on climate change indicates that
- [What 300 mystery shopping visits taught us about sustainable investing advice](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/mystery-shopping/) - Today, Sustainable Finance Observatory's (formerly 2DII) Retail Investing Program has released the results of 300 mystery shopping visits across seven EU countries that map the current extent to which sustainability feeds into financial advice. The research represents the most comprehensive attempt to date to map the preparedness of the European market to changes to EU
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (anciennement 2DII) confie la responsabilité de l’outil PACTA à RMI](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-confie-la-responsabilite-de-loutil-pacta-a-rmi/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (anciennement 2DII) confie la responsabilité de la gestion et du développement de l’outil Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) à RMI. PACTA est un outil climatique open-source pour les institutions financières et les régulateurs qui mesure l'alignement des portefeuilles financiers et des entreprises avec les objectifs climatiques. Berlin / Paris / New
- [From Bogotá to Kuala Lumpur: New studies from Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) Emerging Markets team](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/from-bogota-to-kuala-lumpur-new-studies-from-2diis-emerging-markets-team/) - 2DII’s Emerging Markets team and its partners have carried out several new studies in Latin America and Southeast Asia, focused on portfolio alignment, climate-related risk assessment, and other issues. These include among the first PACTA Coordinated Projects in emerging markets – an initiative in which 2DII works with governments, supervisors, and industry associations to assess
- [Hélène Lanier appointed Managing Director  of Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/helene-lanier-appointed-managing-director-of-2-investing-initiative-france/) - Press Release / Communiqué de presse Paris, June 13 2022 For french version, see : https://2degrees-investing.org/helene-lanier-nommee-directrice-generale-de-2-investing-initiative-france The Board of Directors of Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) appointed Hélène Lanier as Managing Director.The Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) team now counts more than 15 people focused on our legacy and emerging research streams. For almost 10
- [Hélène Lanier nommée directrice générale de Sustainable Finance Observatory (anciennement 2DII)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/helene-lanier-nommee-directrice-generale-de-2-investing-initiative-france/) - Paris, 13 juin 2022 Press Release / Communiqué de presse Version anglaise : https://2degrees-investing.org/helene-lanier-appointed-managing-director-of-2-investing-initiative-france/ Le Conseil d’administration de Sustainable Finance Observatory (anciennement 2DII) désigne Hélène Lanier au poste de directrice générale.L’équipe de 2DII compte désormais plus de 15 membres, chargés de développer nos projets de recherche établis et émergents. Depuis bientôt 10 ans, Sustainable Finance
- [New Global Financing Pact: Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) takes part in the dialogue](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-global-financing-pact-2dii-takes-part-in-the-dialogue/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) is contributing to the Summit for a new Global Financing Pact. This Summit hosted by France will be a forum for countries to discuss a new contract between Global North and South countries to address climate change and other contemporary challenges. 2DII is organising a panel discussion labelled by the
- [Discover our new impact database on MyFairMoney!](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/discover-our-new-impact-database-on-myfairmoney/) - >> Check out the impact database on MyFairMoney
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) at Dubai, UAE for the COP 28](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2dii-at-the-cop-28/) - As the international community gears up for COP 28, the urgency to address climate change has never been more pronounced. As a think tank committed to supporting the financial industry in transitioning towards sustainable economic models, we take part in the next COP 28 in Dubaï, UAE. We propose to focus particularly on issues related
- [MyFairMoney: Discover "Impact Investing Podcast" and "Sustainable Investing for Beginners" Course](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/myfairmoney-discover-impact-investing-podcast-and-sustainable-investing-for-beginners-course/) - After several months of challenging (but fun) work and thanks to various excellent external experts, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) proudly announces the brand-new "MyFairMoney - The Impact Investing Podcast." In eight episodes, we shed light on the complex field of impact investing and give guidance on how to maximize your impact as an investor.
- [« Sustainable Finance Observatory (anciennement 2DII) façonne l'avenir de la Finance à Impact »](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2dii-faconne-lavenir-de-la-finance-a-impact/) - Le 27 février dernier a été publiée une série de rapports cruciaux par le Groupe de Place Impact de l'IFD.Chez Sustainable Finance Observatory (anciennement 2DII), cette réalisation revêt une importance particulière, car elle atteste de notre engagementindéfectible envers le développement de la finance à impact. Nous y avons d’ailleurs joué un rôle essentiel au travers
- [TV Documentary Production: Call for Tenders](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/tv-documentary-production-call-for-tenders/) - Title of the contract - Production of a TV documentary to raise awareness on retail investors’ impact through investmentsInternal reference No. 2DII/2024/OP/01/TV DocumentaryType of procedure - Public invitation to tender BUDGET: 90K€ (VAT included) Dear Sir/Madam, We intend to award the work described in the enclosed procurement documents. Prospective tenderers shall declare their interest by
- [New Open-Source Research Database on Retail Investing](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/new-open-source-research-database-on-retail-investing/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) is committed to providing sound and open-access research, this is our DNA. High-quality data is key in good analysis and research work for researchers, policymakers, supervisors, journalists, or industry. We are therefore delighted to announce that we have made all our research data from our investor preference surveys (covering 14
- [2° Investing Initiative et l’Observatoire de la Finance Durable annoncent un rapprochement stratégique pour accélérer leur impact à l’international](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-et-lobservatoire-de-la-finance-durable-annoncent-un-rapprochement-strategique-pour-accelerer-leur-impact-a-linternational/) - Dans une volonté d’impulser une nouvelle dynamique stratégique dans l’écosystème français de la finance durable, 2° Investing Initiative (2DII) et l’Observatoire de la Finance Durable (l’Observatoire) unissent officiellement leurs forces pour créer une organisation unique avec l’ambition d’influencer en profondeur le secteur financier mondial. Cette union réunit deux organisations reconnues et complémentaires, renforçant ainsi une
- [2° Investing Initiative and the Sustainable Finance Observatory Announce Strategic Gathering to Accelerate Global Impact](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/2-investing-initiative-and-the-sustainable-finance-observatory-announce-strategic-gathering-to-accelerate-global-impact/) - In a strategic move for the French sustainable finance ecosystem, 2° Investing Initiative (2DII) and the Sustainable Finance Observatory (The Observatory) have officially joined forces to create a unified organization aimed at driving systemic change in global finance. This gathering brings together two well-known organizations with complementary expertise, forging a stronger, collective voice to advance
- [TV Documentary Production: Call for Tenders - Deadline Extended](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/tv-documentary-production-call-for-tenders-deadline-extended/) - Title of the contract – Production of a TV documentary to raise awareness on retail investors’ impact through investmentsInternal reference No. 2DII/2024/OP/01/TV DocumentaryType of procedure – Public invitation to tender BUDGET: 90K€ (VAT included) Dear Sir/Madam, We intend to award the work described in the enclosed procurement documents. Prospective tenderers shall declare their interest by
- [The untapped, multi-trillion market opportunity for green financial retail products](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/the-untapped-market-opportunity-for-green-financial-products/) - We estimate the market potential for green financial retail products for Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, and Romania to be over 2.8 trillion EUR In contrast, the whole European market for green retail fund products was around 220 billion EUR in early 2021, illustrating the magnitude of the gap between offer and demand for green
- [What is the definition of a long-term investor?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/what-is-the-definition-of-a-long-term-investor/) - It’s one of the most ubiquitous terms in finance: “long-term investor,” used over 3,000 times on the websites of the world’s 20 largest asset managers. It is considered a universal good in driving better sustainability and financial performance within the finance sector. From a regulatory perspective, long-term financial stability is a core feature of the
- [New indices to track finance sector & real economy sentiment of the green recovery](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/green-recovery/) - 1in1000, the long-term risks research program of 2° Investing Initiative, has launched the Green Market Sentiment Indices (GMSI) to track corporates’ and financial institutions’ sentiment around the green recovery from Covid. Targeted towards investors and policymakers, the GMSI are the first sentiment indices tracking both corporate and investor trends around the green recovery. Inspired by
- [Overpromising, underdelivering? Assessing the impact potential of green financial products](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/impact-potential-green-financial-products/) - Major adjustments are needed in order for “green” financial products to reach their full potential, support the energy transition, and achieve real-world impact, according to a new study by the non-profit think tank 2° Investing Initiative (2DII). To dive into the impact mechanisms used by green financial products, 2DII developed a Climate Impact Potential Assessment
- [Finance 2030: New thought leadership paper in partnership with Climate-KIC & UNEP-FI](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/finance-2030/) - Finance 2030: A Time Travel Exercise is the latest in a series sponsored by Climate-KIC and UNEP-FI, “Aligning finance to the net-zero economy." The paper explores four key characteristics – control, automatization, local, low-carbon / low-resources (CALL) – that we expect will define the financial sector in 2030: The increasing control that consumers and companies
- [Fabien Hassan & Hugues Chenet in the Foundation for Political Ecology: "Désinvestir pour mieux investir"](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/fabien-hassan-hugues-chenet-in-the-foundation-for-political-ecology-desinvestir-pour-mieux-investir/) - Désinvestir pour mieux investir : des choix capitaux pour le climat ! Par Fabien HASSAN, Hugues CHENET GRISE MINE POUR L'INVESTISSEUR DU FOSSILE Un matin de 2035, le professeur Paul Lueur, Président de l’Université Edwin Drake, méditait en regardant depuis les fenêtres de son vaste bureau les étudiants qui manifestaient pour exiger sa démission. « Un
- [Premier Colloque de l’ADEME « Bilans Emissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre »](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/premier-colloque-de-lademe-bilans-emissions-de-gaz-a-effet-de-serre/) - 13 octobre 2013: Dans le cadre du protocole de Kyoto, la France s’est engagée à réduire ses émissions en les divisant par 4 d’ici 2050. Or, l’une des conditions du succès réside dans la bonne compréhension de ce que représentent ces émissions pour chaque secteur d’activité. L’hexagone est d’ailleurs en pointe sur le développement de méthodes
- [Responsible Investor: What next for Bloomberg’s FSB task force on climate disclosure ?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/what-next-for-bloombergs-fsb-task-force-on-climate-disclosure/) - A few key initial takeaways from Michael Bloomberg’s appointment as Task Force chair By Jakob Thomae Dec. 8, 2015 The Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) is designed to develop guidelines for companies on providing information in financial markets. It was born out of a G20 initiative of Finance Ministers and the leadership of
- [Round table discussion on Article 173 at the French National Assembly](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/round-table-discussion-on-article-173-at-the-french-national-assembly/) - On March 23, 2016, Stan Dupré participated in a round table panel discussion on the implementation of Article 173 at the French National Assembly. Watch the full video here (in French).
- [Responsible Investor: French government introduces award for investor climate disclosures to foster best practice](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/responsible-investor-french-government-introduces-award-for-investor-climate-disclosures-to-foster-best-practice/) - Environment Minister Ségolène Royal to host awards ceremony later this year by: Vibeka Mair May 27th, 2016 France’s Environment Minister Ségolène Royal has announced the launch of the ‘Award on Investor Climate-Related Disclosures’, as the country’s new law introducing mandatory climate change-related reporting for institutional investors comes into force. It comes as Paris-based boutique Sycomore
- [TCFD Panel Discussion on Scenario Analysis](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/watch-stan-dupre-participate-in-the-tcfd-panel-discussion-on-scenario-analysis/) - CEO and co-founder Stan Dupré participated in the Taskforce on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures panel discussion on scenario analysis. Watch the full panel discussion here.
- [Blog: Towards carbon risk and climate performance recognition in the financial sector](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blog-towards-carbon-risk-and-climate-performance-recognition-in-the-financial-sector/) - Towards carbon risk and climate performance recognition in the financial sector This article was published in Private Sector and Development, run by Proparco (a subsidiary of Agence Française de Développement). by Fabien Hassan, Analyst, 2° Investing Initiative; Hugues Chenet, Co-founder, 2° Investing Initiative; & Pierre Chastroux, research internship, 2° Investing Initiative 26 November 2015 Despite
- [CEO Stan Dupré in Project Syndicate: The EU’s Risky Green Taxonomy](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/ceo-stan-dupre-in-project-syndicate-the-eus-risky-green-taxonomy/) - Jan 31, 2020 The European Commission's so-called “taxonomy” for classifying green investments should address three important questions. Unfortunately, the Commission's one-dimensional approach disregards two of the three, with potentially damaging consequences. PARIS – European Union member states and the European Parliament are soon expected to adopt a so-called “taxonomy” for classifying green investments, after reaching agreement last
- [Novethic: Nouvelle méthodologie pour intégrer les objectifs nationaux de réduction d'émissions dans les portefeuilles](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/novethic-nouvelle-methodologie-pour-integrer-les-objectifs-nationaux-de-reduction-demissions-dans-les-portefeuilles/) - Par Nicolas REDON Traduire les grandes annonces d’objectifs de réduction des émissions à l’échelle d’un pays en détail des trajectoires technologiques nécessaires par secteur n’est pas toujours chose aisée. Pour les investisseurs s’intéressant aux risques de transition de leurs portefeuilles, une nouvelle méthodologie baptisée la National Climate & Technology Investment Pathways (NCTIP), de Beyond Ratings
- [Op-ed by Stan Dupré in Environmental Finance:  In response to accusations that Enel's SDG bond was greenwashing](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/op-ed-by-stan-dupre-in-environmental-finance-in-response-to-accusations-that-enels-sdg-bond-was-greenwashing/) - Now that the G-word has been dropped, let's talk about it, says Stan Dupré Quoted by Environmental Finance last week, a representative from the green bond investor Nuveen charged that the "SDG-linked bond" recently issued by Italian electricity giant Enel amounted to "greenwashing." The first-of-its-kind bond is linked to a commitment to increase the coupon by 25 basis
- [Op-ed by Jakob Thomae in Responsible Investor: Consumers reject the EU’s green bond framework for good reason](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/responsible-investor-op-ed-consumers-reject-the-eus-green-bond-framework-for-good-reason/) - Of 2,000 retail investors surveyed on green bonds, 90% reject the approach developed by the European Commission, says 2° Investing Initiative's Jakob Thomae As the cumulative issuance of labelled green bonds passes the $1trn mark, a debate on the relevance of the ‘earmarking’ a bond’s use-of-proceeds is finally taking place. On the one hand, a
- [News coverage: EU backs new open-source tool to help investors reach climate goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/eu-backs-new-open-source-tool-to-help-investors-reach-climate-goals/) - The launch of our Climate Tech Compass, a tool to help governments and organisations to align investments and policies with the goals of the Paris climate agreement, received coverage from Environmental Finance, Expert Investor, and Responsible Investor, among others. The Climate Tech Compass allows governments, companies and financial institutions to view specific "transition pathways" for
- [Progress on the PACTA methodology for corporate lending: ING publishes its first Terra progress report](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/progress-on-the-pacta-methodology-for-corporate-lending-ing-publishes-its-first-terra-progress-report/) - On September 19, 2019, one of our longstanding partners, ING, published their first progress report on Terra, their approach to steer its €600 billion lending book in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement to keep global warming to well-below two degrees. As ING put it: "With the Terra approach, ING aims to be a
- [Responsible Investor: 'There are more effective alternatives to the Green Supporting Factor'](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/responsible-investor-there-are-more-effective-alternatives-to-the-green-supporting-factor/) - Our former analyst, Soline Ralite, was featured in Responsible Investor's series, ‘The EU Action Plan: What Matters To Me’ Since it was first proposed by the European Commission’s Vice-President for the Euro and Social Dialogue Valdis Dombrovskis, the idea of introducing a Green Supporting Factor (GSF) under capital requirement frameworks has provoked a wide range

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- [Discover our new Impact Podcast and Online Video Course on MyFairMoney!](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/myfairmoney-discover-impact-investing-podcast-and-sustainable-investing-for-beginners-course/) - After several months of challenging (but fun) work and thanks to various excellent external experts, 2DII proudly announces the brand-new "MyFairMoney - The Impact Investing Podcast." In eight episodes, we shed light on the complex field of impact investing and give guidance on how to maximize your impact as an investor. Together with our new
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## Resources

- [RISE-IN - Resilient Investment for Sustainable Environments](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/rise-in-resilient-investment-for-sustainable-environments/) - RISE-IN aims to pioneer a new approach to climate adaptation by bridging the gap between environmental resilience and financial viability. Focusing on nature-based solutions (NBS) for flood risk management, the project introduces the concept of Bankability Readiness Level (BRL), a novel metric to assess, enhance and unlock investment potential of climate-resilient solutions.
- [Analysis of the "‘Article 29 LEC’/SFDR" 2025 submissions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/analysis-of-the-article-29-lec-2025-submissions/) - ADEME and SFO publish their annual analysis of the 'Art. 29 LEC'/SFDR reports submitted by French investors in 2025.
- [Eastern promises](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/eastern-promises/) - #Demand, supply and distribution of sustainable financial products in Bulgaria, Estonia and Romania
- [What the NZBA leaves behind](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/what-the-nzba-leaves-behind/) - Stocktake on banks’ net zero interim targets.
- [Collective investor impact in secondary markets](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/collective-investor-impact-in-secondary-markets/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) conducted an extensive literature review of approximately 300 papers to provide an updated overview of what we know about collective investor impact in secondary markets through coordinated price signalling and collaborative engagement.
- [Integrating investor impact in the EU regulatory framework ](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/integrating-investor-impact-in-the-eu-regulatory-framework/) - This briefing advocates for an ambitious approach, as well as for integrating concrete methodologies to assess the additionality/investor contribution of every euro invested through financial products in the real economy to achieve Europe’s sustainability goals.
- [Unlocking Public and Private Capital with Finance Expertise Hubs in Emerging and Developing Countries](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/unlocking-public-and-private-capital-with-finance-expertise-hubs/) - François Gemenne presents the Report and Call to Action of the Sustainable Finance Observatory at the United Nations Financing for Development Conference - FfD4 in Seville.
- [Mind the Gap: Why European retail investors don't get what they want](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/mind-the-gap-why-european-retail-investors-dont-get-what-they-want/) - A summary of our market research in 14 EU countries
- [Analysis of French investors' “Article 29 LEC” / SFDR reports](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/analysis-of-french-investors-article-29-lec-sfdr-reports/) - ADEME's Climate Transparency Hub (CTH) and the Sustainable Finance Observatory are publishing the annual report analysing the 800+ ‘Article 29 LEC’ / SFDR reports submitted by French financial institutions in 2024
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory's answer to SBTI public consultation on Financial Instiutions Net-Zero](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/sustainable-finance-observatorys-answer-to-sbtipublic-consultation-on-financial-instiutions-net-zerp/) - The Observatoire sends SBTi its response to the public consultation on the new ‘FINZ’ standard for monitoring the net-zero 2050 objectives of financial institutions. The Observatory sends its response to SBTi The Observatory welcomes the major improvements that this Standard represents in comparison with its predecessor, the ‘Financial Institutions Near-Term Criteria’, and proposes
- [Report on European Banks' 'Net Zero' Commitments](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/report-on-european-banks-net-zero-commitments/) - Analysis of NVBA signatory banks' 'net zero' transition plans based on data from Net-Zero Donut
- [Optimizing the UE Taxonomy to make it a real economic steering tool for the transition](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/optimizing-the-ue-taxonomy-to-make-it-a-real-economic-steering-tool-for-the-transition/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory is pleased to publish its note on the simplification and evolution of European taxonomy.
- [Is the taxonomy increasing investment into nature-positive activities?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/is-the-taxonomy-increasing-investment-into-nature-positive-activities/) - An analysis of whether the EU taxonomy is fit for purpose to address the finance gap for protecting and restoring nature
- [China Carbon Market Research Report](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/china-carbon-market-research-report/) - Published in partnership with Environomist, this report provides an overview of China's carbon market (2015).
- [The Turtle Becomes the Hare](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-turtle-becomes-the-hare/) - This note seeks to provide a first step into lifting the veil on the dots connecting the time horizons of the different assets and actors in the investment chain.
- [Landscaping Carbon Risk for Financial Intermediaries](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/landscaping-carbon-risk/) - This is a working paper for the forthcoming Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII)/CDP study on the future of carbon metrics for investors.
- [From Financed Emissions to Long-Term Investing Metrics](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/from-financed-emissions-to-long-term-investing-metrics/) - This report presents the results of Sustainable Finance Observatory's (formerly 2DII) review of GHG emissions accounting for the financial sector.
- [Connecting the Dots Between Climate Goals, Portfolio Allocation and Financial Regulation](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/connecting-the-dots-between-climate-goals-portfolio-allocation-and-financial-regulation/) - In this report, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) proposes to create a framework that connects the dots between climate goals, portfolio allocation and financial regulation.
- [Developing Criteria to Align Investments with 2° Compatible Pathways](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/developing-criteria-to-align-investments-with-2-compatible-pathways/) - The German government, through the German Federal Environment Agency, commissioned a consortium consisting of NewClimate Institute, Germanwatch, and Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) to explore criteria to measure the alignment of investment and financing with the 2°C limit.
- [Listening to the Silent Majority](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/listening-to-the-silent-majority/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) as part of the Sustainable Energy Investing Metrics Project launched an assessment framework to measure the 2°C alignment of listed equity portfolios at COP21 in Paris in 2015.
- [Stress-testing Alien Invasion](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/mars-attack-copy/) - On April 1, 2017, the Fermi'nvesting Initiative (Fii), a new research program of Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) launched its first report "Stress-testing Alien Invasion: Are Financial Markets Mispricing the Biggest Systemic Risk Ever?"
- [Lighting the Way to Best Practice: Climate Reporting Case Studies](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/guide-lighting-the-way-to-best-practice-copy/) - This report summarizes the best practice reporting recognized by the 2° Invest Awards, organized by the Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII), the French Ministry for the Environment, and the French Treasury.
- [ISO Standard for Investment, Financing and Climate Change](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/iso-standard-for-investment-financing-and-climate-change-iso-14097/) - This report provides options for standardization examined by the ISO 14097 working group. It is based on a review of more than 130 financial institutions’ actions and initiatives on the integration of climate-related issues and current standards and disclosure frameworks aiming at improving financial institutions' practices and its comparability.
- [Financing a Sustainable European Economy](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/financing-a-sustainable-european-economy/) - Stan Dupré, CEO and founder of Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII), served on the EU High-Level Expert Group (HLEG) on Sustainable Finance and contributed to their final report, "Financing a Sustainable European Economy".
- [Storm Ahead: A Proposal for a Climate Stress-Test Scenario](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/storm-ahead-a-proposal-for-a-climate-stress-test-scenario/) - This report provides guidelines for building an adverse climate scenario that can be used by financial supervisors as inputs into either traditional or climate-specific stress-tests of regulated entities.
- [Asset Managers & Climate Change, a study with InfluenceMap](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/financemap-asset-managers-climate-change-a-study-with-influencemap/) - In November 2019, InfluenceMap published a new report, FinanceMap, which examines how the asset management sector performs on portfolios, engagement, and resolutions. Sustainable Finance Observatory's (formerly 2DII)Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) methodology played a key role in the analysis.
- [Passing the Baton: Shareholder resolutions & their contribution to investor climate pledges](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/passing-the-baton-shareholder-resolutions-their-contribution-to-investor-climate-pledges/) - New report shows growth of "climate target-setting" in shareholder resolutions & their potential to cascade investors' climate pledges to companies
- [To What Degree? A climate scenario analysis of U.S. insurers’ portfolios](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/a-climate-scenario-analysis-of-u-s-insurers-portfolios-a-report-by-blackrock-powered-by-2ii-data/) - Insurers are uniquely exposed to climate-change-related risks from multiple angles, both in their underwriting and investing activities.
- [EU Climate Benchmarks Factsheet](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/eu-climate-benchmarks-factsheet/) - Technical analysis of key elements of the climate benchmark standards & potential solutions
- [Changing Gear: Alignment of major auto manufacturers with the goals of the Paris Agreement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/changing-gear-alignment-of-major-auto-manufacturers-to-the-goals-of-the-paris-agreement/) - No single production plan of 14 leading auto companies is fully aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement, according to analysis from Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII), published in a joint report with Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change (IIGCC).
- [Credit Portfolio Alignment: An application of the PACTA methodology by Katowice Banks in partnership with 2DII](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/credit-portfolio-alignment-katowice-report/) - At the 2018 COP24 in Katowice, five international banks - BBVA, BNP Paribas, ING, Société Générale and Standard Chartered - publicly pledged to develop an open-source methodology to progressively steer (or ‘align’) their lending portfolios with the goals of the Paris Agreement.
- [Bridging the Gap: Measuring progress on the climate goal alignment & climate actions of Swiss financial institutions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/bridging-the-gap/) - Over 4,000 portfolios from 179 financial institutions representing roughly 80% of the market have been assessed in a first-of-its kind study of the Swiss financial sector’s alignment with climate goals.
- [A Corporate Rainy-Day Fund: A regulatory approach to ensuring financial resilience in the face of future risks](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/a-corporate-rainy-day-fund/) - Non-financial corporates are massively underprepared for future economic crises and overly reliant on government bailouts, according to a new report published by Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII).
- [On the Road to Paris? A review of financial institutions' climate-related commitments](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/on-the-road-to-paris-a-review-of-financial-institutions-climate-related-commitments/) - On the fifth anniversary of the Paris Agreement, this report reviews a database of 2,584 climate-related commitments taken by nearly 1,500 financial institutions around the globe.
- [Commentaires et propositions pour le Comité Scientifique de l’Observatoire de la Finance Durable](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/lobservatoire-de-la-finance-durable/) - Finance for Tomorrow et les fédérations de la place financière française ont récemment lancé un Observatoire de la Finance Durable afin de renforcer la transparence de leurs pratiques en matière de durabilité.
- [¿Riesgo u oportunidad?: Un análisis del desempeño de los Fondos de Inversión Colectiva de Colombia frente al cambio climático](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/riesgo-u-oportunidad/) - Este estudio presenta los resultados de la aplicación de la metodología de análisis de escenarios climáticos PACTA a los portafolios de las sociedades fiduciarias en Colombia, llevada a cabo por Sustainable Finance Observatory (antes 2DII) y la Asociación de Fiduciarias de Colombia (Asofiduciarias).
- [How Can Financial Sector Taxes Contribute to Climate Goals?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/how-can-financial-sector-taxes-contribute-to-climate-goals/) - Since the Global Financial Crisis, policymakers around the globe have focused increasingly on financial sector taxes as a way to generate revenue and achieve broader policy goals.
- [Green mis-selling: New study on extraterrestrial non-sustainability preferences](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/extraterrestrial-non-sustainability-preferences/) - On April 1st, 2021, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) launched a new report as part of the incubation of our new research program, PACDA (Possible Alien Consumer Drivers & Ambitions).
- [Climate Impact Management System - for consultation](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/climate-impact-management-system/) - Recently, there has been a surge in financial sector initiatives focused on climate-related targets or strategies, with a number of big industry names making Net-Zero targets in the past few months alone.
- [An Analysis of New York Domestic Insurers’ Exposure to Transition Risks and Opportunities from Climate Change](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/an-analysis-of-new-york-domestic-insurers-exposure-to-transition-risks-and-opportunities-from-climate-change/) - In this report, 2DII collaborated with New York Department of Financial Services (DFS) in a study of New York domestic insurers’ exposure to financial risks arising from the low-carbon transition
- [Sustainable Finance and Market Integrity: Promise Only What You Can Deliver](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/sustainable-finance-and-market-integrity-only-promise-what-you-can-deliver/) - In an examination of environmental impact claims in the finance sector, 2DII identifies critical regulatory gaps
- [PACTA Climate Alignment Assessment of the Austrian Financial Sector](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/pacta-cop-austria/) - As part of the PACTA COP initiative, 2° Investing Initiative (2DII) contributed to the first-ever climate alignment assessment of the Austrian financial sector.
- [Please Mr. Postman! Ten messages on portfolio alignment & implied temperature rise](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/hello-mr-postman-10-messages-on-portfolio-alignment-itr/) - This report outlines key recommendations from Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) on portfolio alignment and Implied Temperature Rise (ITR) methodologies.
- [A Citizen's Footprint: An analysis of the carbon footprint of consumption, investment, and political choices for the UK and Germany](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/a-citizens-footprint/) - Voting for climate-friendly political parties in Germany & the UK could be the best way to minimize your carbon footprint
- [Climate Impact Management System for Financial Institutions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/climate-impact-management-system-for-financial-institutions/) - New guidelines by 2° Investing Initiative and ADEME, part of the European Commission-funded Finance ClimAct project, aim to help financial institutions design scientifically sound climate contribution strategies
- [Taking the Plunge: A stocktake of national financial sector climate alignment assessments](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/taking-the-plunge-a-stocktake-of-national-financial-sector-climate-alignment-assessments/) - 16 countries have conducted coordinated climate alignment exercises, covering more than €11 trillion in assets and over 2,600 financial institutions
- [I’ve Got the Power! Really? Assessing the impact potential of financial products supporting the energy transition](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/impact-potential-green-financial-products/) - Major adjustments are needed in order for “green” financial products to reach their full potential, support the energy transition, and achieve real-world impact, according to a new study by 2° Investing Initiative (2DII).
- [Heading North? Assessing the alignment of Norway’s financial sector with the Paris Agreement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/assessing-the-alignment-of-norways-financial-sector-with-the-paris-agreement/) - With more and more financial institutions setting 2050 net zero targets through the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero, the next question is how to measure near-term progress towards those targets.
- [Is the EU on its Way to a Green Recovery from Covid?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/green-recovery-eu/) - Green Market Sentiment Indices will enable forward-looking monitoring of the green recovery across key climate-relevant sectors
- [Assessing Readiness for the Low-Carbon Transition](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/assessing-readiness-for-the-low-carbon-transition/) - This report analyzes the climate alignment of Peruvian pension fund investment portfolios, as part of a joint project by 2DII and the Peruvian Responsible Investment Program (Programa de Inversión Responsable/PIR).
- [The Value of Life: What would climate policies look like if they mirrored the COVID-19 response?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-value-of-life/) - By acting now on climate change, the cost of saving a life would be 2-3x lower than saving a life during the pandemic, according to a new study of government responses to Covid by Sustainable Finance Observatory's (formerly 2DII) long-term risks research program, 1in1000.
- [Climate Portfolio Alignment for Corporate Lending in Malaysia](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/climate-portfolio-alignment-for-corporate-lending-in-malaysia/) - This report by Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) and WWF Malaysia analyzes Malaysian banks' exposure to climate critical sectors as a source of future climate transition risk.
- [Do Investors Understand the Long-Term?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/do-investors-understand-the-long-term/) - It’s one of the most ubiquitous terms in finance: “long-term investor,” used over 3,000 times on the websites of the world’s 20 largest asset managers.
- [From Bogotá to Paris? Measuring the climate alignment of Colombian insurance companies’ portfolios](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/from-bogota-to-paris/) - This report uses the PACTA portfolio analysis methodology to measure Colombian insurers’ alignment with climate scenarios and exposure to climate-related risks.
- [Sailing into the Sunset or Charting a New Course? A discussion paper on alignment metrics to measure the prospects for a fossil fuel transition](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/sailing-into-the-sunset-or-charting-a-new-course/) - Even before the war in Ukraine and the energy crisis it provoked, the fossil fuel industry was, from the point of view of achieving net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, considered to be a sunset industry.
- [Draft questionnaire & guidance for client sustainability preferences](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/draft-questionnaire-guidance-for-client-sustainability-preferences/) - Now open for consultation!
- [Please Don’t Let Them Be Misunderstood! How financial advisors consider clients’ sustainability  motivations before the upcoming MiFID II Delegated Act](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/please-dont-let-them-be-misunderstood/) - 300 mystery shopping visits across seven EU countries map the current extent to which sustainability feeds into financial advice.
- [How Can Net Zero Finance Best Drive Positive Impact in the Real Economy?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/how-can-net-zero-finance-best-drive-positive-impact/) - The COP26 Finance Sector Expert Group for Race to Zero and Race to Resilience (FSEG), established by the High-Level Climate Champions, have published a new discussion paper.
- [Luxembourg Financial Centre PACTA Analysis](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/luxembourg-pacta-analysis/) - The Luxembourg Sustainable Finance Initiative (LSFI), in collaboration with 2º Investing Initiative, has undertaken the first-ever countrywide climate scenario analysis of Luxembourg financial institutions.
- [Do We Speak the Same Language? A market survey on the future of ESG ratings](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/survey-esg-ratings/) - Most ESG finance professionals think aggregated ESG ratings should be abolished, according to pulse survey across 169 respondents
- [Integrating sustainability preferences of clients](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/integrating-sustainability-preferences-of-clients/) - Legal analysis demonstrates between gap in frameworks to ensure retail clients' objectives are reflected in action
- [Tracking Real-World Emissions Reductions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/tracking-real-world-emissions-reductions/) - The case for real world emissions tracking
- [Jumping the barriers to sustainable retail investment in France.](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/jumping-the-barriers-to-sustainable-retail-investment-in-france/) - A presentation of demand, supply and distribution frictions, and recommendations to move forward.
- [Fighting greenwashing… what do we really need?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/fighting-greenwashing-what-do-we-really-need/) - 2DII legal analysis ‘Fighting greenwashing… what do we really need?’ reveals that while general finance sector regulation is applicable to environmental impact claims in the finance sector, these rules are too general and high level to provide effective governance of environmental impact claims.
- [Assessing client sustainability preferences…lost in the maze?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/assessing-client-sustainability-preferenceslost-in-the-maze/) - Results of the mystery shopping campaign assessing financial advisor's compliance with new regulatory requirements for the mandatory assessment of client sustainability preferences.
- [Questionnaire for assessing client sustainability preferences and motivations](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/questionnaire-for-assessing-client-sustainability-preferences-and-motivations/) - For use with the accompanying guidance
- [Guide sur les allégations d’impact environnemental des produits financiers](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/guide-sur-les-allegations-dimpact-environnemental-des-produits-financiers/) - Ce guide, co-écrit par l’ADEME et 2DII, avec la contribution du CGDD, a vocation à accompagner les institutions financières dans une démarche de communication claire, exacte et non trompeuse.
- [Making the climate transition bloom](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/making-the-climate-transition-bloom/) - Developing an impact-driven, Paris Agreement-aligned transition investment strategy in Latin America.
- [The Impact Potential Assessment Framework (IPAF) for financial products](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-impact-potential-assessment-framework-ipaf-for-financial-products/) - A new science-based framework to assess the impact potential of financial products.
- [6 National Country Reports](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-6-national-country-report/) - As part of the EU’s Level EEI project, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) releases a series of six-country reports (in the form of slide decks) addressing the retail demand and market potential for green/sustainable financial solutions in six EU countries (Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, and Sweden).
- [Guide on environmental impact claims for EU financial products](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/guide-on-environmental-impact-claims-for-eu-financial-products/) - This Guide aims to provide a framework for environmental impact claims used by investment funds (or fund-based products) available to retail investors in the EU.
- [Market review of environmental impact claims of retail investment funds in Europe](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/market-review-of-environmental-impact-claims-of-retail-investment-funds-in-europe/) - Over the last six years, Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) has constantly emphasised in several analysis and reports the high risk of impact-washing for the European sustainable finance agenda.[1] Today, impact-washing is officially classified as high risk along the entire sustainable investment value chain by the European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs), as stated in their latest Progress Reports on Greenwashing in the financial sector.[2]
- [Moving the blockers of retail sustainable finance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/moving-the-blockers-of-retail-sustainable-finance/) - 2DII created a series of six market reports which summarise quantitative and qualitative research (quantitative surveys, bilateral interviews, focus groups, mystery shopping visits and a desk-study of the Lipper fund database) on the current situation regarding demand, supply and distribution of sustainable retail investment products in six European countries[1]: Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium and Poland (EU-6).
- [Guidance and Questionnaire for assessing client sustainability preferences and motivations](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/guidance-and-questionnaire-for-assessing-client-sustainability-preferences-and-motivations/) - Investment firms providing financial advice and portfolio management are now required to carry out a mandatory assessment of client sustainability preferences during the suitability assessment … and then take these sustainability preferences into account when selecting financial instruments that are recommended to clients.
- [A practitioner guide for asset managers & asset owners to assess clients’ and beneficiaries’ sustainability preferences](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/a-practitioner-guide-for-asset-managers-asset-owners-to-assess-clients-and-beneficiaries-sustainability-preferences/) - In the European Union (EU), households own 35 trillion EUR in financial assets of which around one third is invested in equity and investment funds and another one third is invested in insurance, pensions, and standardised guarantees.[1]
- [Questionnaire pour évaluer les préférences et motivations des clients en matière de durabilité](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/questionnaire-pour-evaluer-les-preferences-et-motivations-des-clients-en-matiere-de-durabilite/) - A utiliser avec le guide d'accompagnement
- [CIMS vs. NZBA Climate Target Setting: Cross-fertilizing Best Practices](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/cims-vs-nzba-climate-target-setting-cross-fertilizing-best-practices/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) has developed a Climate Impact Management System (CIMS) to assist Financial Institutions (FIs) in setting up climate strategies designed to maximize their contribution to climate change mitigation.
- [A changing climate … for investor engagement on transition plans in France](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/a-changing-climate-for-investor-engagement-on-transition-plans-in-france/) - In the global pursuit of net zero emissions by 2050, investor engagement on climate topics is predicated on the typical model of shareholder rights in corporate governance. Shareholder resolutions requesting companies to develop and disclose climate transition plans aligned with the Paris Agreement have emerged as a key tool in this endeavour.
- [The Impact Potential Assessment Framework (IPAF) Pilot Test  ](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-impact-potential-assessment-framework-ipaf-pilot-test/) - Surveys conducted by Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) in 14 EU countries reveal that, on average, ~50% of European retail investors want to have a real-world impact with their savings. Other surveys show that most European retail investors also automatically expect impact of sustainable finance products.
- [FiRéno+ : Panorama des solutions de financement de la rénovation énergétique des bâtiments](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/fireno-panorama-des-solutions-de-financement-de-la-renovation-energetique-des-batiments/) - FiRéno+ est un projet co-financé par l’Union Européenne qui s’adresse à tous les acteurs oeuvrant à la transition écologique du parc de bâtiments résidentiels et tertiaires.
- [Financing the Transition: Improving the effectiveness of the Net-Zero Alliances](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/financing-the-transition-improving-the-effectiveness-of-the-net-zero-alliances/) - The Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) is the world’s largest coalition of financial institutions committed to supporting the net zero transition of the global economy.
- [Reframing the EU landscape for corporate sustainability information](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/reframing-the-eu-landscape-for-corporate-sustainability-information/) - How moving beyond corporate-centric sustainability information can increase the utility of sustainability data for other key stakeholders critical to the sustainable transition.
- [The UK's Forgotten Fossil Fuel Subsidy](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-uks-forgotten-fossil-fuel-subsidy/) - How the UK government subsidizes fossil fuel investments in ISAs & pension products to the tune of nearly half a billion pounds per year
- [Planning … for financial institution transition plan disclosures](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/planning-for-financial-institution-transition-plan-disclosures/) - What to look out for in bank and asset manager disclosures with new EU regulatory requirements to disclose climate transition plans
- [Our work in Emerging Markets](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/emerging-markets/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) works in emerging markets across the globe to help financial institutions and governments facilitate the low-carbon transition, as well as respond to climate-related risks.
- [Impact Program](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/impact/) - How can financial institutions contribute to the Paris Agreement goals and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the real economy?
- [MyFairMoney: An online resource hub for sustainable retail investing](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/myfairmoney/) - More than ever before, consumers want to invest in “socially responsible,” “sustainable” or ESG funds.
- [Retail Investing Program](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/retail-investing/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII)’s Retail Investing Program employs data-driven research, legal analysis, product development, and communications tools to integrate sustainability into the retail investing market.
- [Nature-Finance Stream](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/nature-finance-stream/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII)’s Nature-Finance Stream is an innovative research program constituted of specialists in regulatory policy, economics, and finance. The stream contributes to the creation of a nature-positive and a net-zero economy and society, ensuring the principles of the Just Transition.
- [Climate stress-testing simulation game](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/climate-stress-testing-simulation-game/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII)’s 1in1000 program, in partnership with the SOAS Centre for Sustainable Finance, has launched a new climate stress-test simulation game that allows users to simulate different strategies and choices around the design of climate-related stress-tests and scenario analysis.
- [Finance ClimAct](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/finance-climact/) - The Finance ClimAct project aims to help implement the French National Low-Carbon Strategy and the European Union's Sustainable Finance Action Plan.
- [Assessing the Alignment of the Liechtenstein Financial Sector with the Paris Agreement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/assessing-the-alignment-of-the-liechtenstein-financial-sector-with-the-paris-agreement/) - This report measures the alignment of Liechtenstein's financial sector with climate objectives, as part of the PACTA 2020 coordinated climate assessments.
- [Finance 2030: A Time Travel Exercise](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/finance-2030-a-time-travel-exercise/) - This paper is the latest in a series sponsored by Climate-KIC and UNEP-FI, “Aligning finance to the net-zero economy."
- [Financial Supervision Beyond the Business Cycle: Towards a New Paradigm](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/financial-supervision-beyond-the-business-cycle-towards-a-new-paradigm/) - Working paper in partnership with Oxford Sustainable Finance Program and INSPIRE
- [A Burden They Will Carry: The potential economic & financial cost of climate liabilities to companies and investors](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/climate-liabilities/) - This paper is a thought experiment about how to quantify corporate climate costs that can form the basis of future litigation and policy actions.
- [The Disclosure Puzzle: The Role of PACTA](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-disclosure-puzzle-the-role-of-pacta/) - This report provides further details on ways PACTA can help financial institutions respond to growing legal and societal pressure to incorporate climate-related considerations into their investment decisions.
- [Gauging the Exposure to Transition Risks of Colombian Insurers’ Investment Portfolios](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/fasecolda-pacta-scenario-analysis/) - This study presents the results of a climate scenario analysis of insurers’ investment portfolios, carried out by 2° Investing Initiative and FASECOLDA, the Colombian Insurers Federation.
- [A Primer on Long-Term Financial Supervision](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/a-primer-on-long-term-financial-supervision/) - This report explores the materiality of long-term risks, which can create significant financial stability risks to financial markets while being outside the time horizon of financial supervision.
- [A Guide to Science-Based Target Setting for Financial Institutions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/a-guide-to-science-based-target-setting-for-financial-institutions/) - Target-setting initiatives and public climate commitments coming out of NY Climate Week, Climate Finance Day, COP, and related events have proliferated over the past years.
- ["Science-Based Targets" for Financial Institutions: Position & Consultation Deck](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/science-based-targets-for-financial-institutions-position-consultation-deck/) - In 2018, WRI, WWF and CDP invited the 2° Investing Initiative to take part in the development of the Science-Based Targets initiative (SBTi) for Financial Institutions as methodology co-developer with the consultancy Navigant.
- [(Nachhaltig) Sein oder nicht sein… das ist hier die Frage](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/nachhaltig-sein-oder-nicht-sein-das-ist-hier-die-frage/) - Optionen zur Einbeziehung von Nachhaltigkeitszielen in Eignungstests für Kleinanleger
- [Report with ABN AMRO: Guiding a bank’s energy portfolio to Paris](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/report-with-abn-amro-guiding-a-banks-energy-portfolio-to-paris/) - As part of its broader work with the banking sector, 2DII partnered with the leading Dutch bank ABN AMRO to apply the PACTA scenario analysis methodology to its loan and investment portfolio.
- [Stress-testing COVID-19](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/stress-testing-covid-19/) - This paper provides a stress-test template for financial supervisors to simulate potential losses on banks’ and insurers’ balance sheets under six different COVID-19 pandemic scenarios over the next 36 months.
- [Feedback on the Second Version of the Ecolabel Criteria for Financial Products](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/ecolabel-note/) - In this feedback report, 2° Investing Initiative finds that the draft criteria of the Ecolabel on Financial Products are still misaligned with the requirements of the Ecolabel Regulation.
- [Retail Clients Want to Vote for Paris](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/vote-for-paris/) - Climate-related shareholder resolutions have seen dramatic growth this decade, but broader support is still limited.
- [EU Retail Funds’ Environmental Impact Claims Do Not Comply with Regulatory Guidance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/marketing-claims/) - To draft this report, 2DII surveyed a total of 4,000+ retail investors in France and Germany, and reviewed the marketing materials associated with a sample of 230 "sustainability-themed" European investment funds.
- [Transition Risks Assessment of Latin American Financial Institutions & the use of Scenario Analysis](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/scenario-analysis-in-latin-america/) - This report provides quantitative evidence on the relevance of climate-related risks for banks and investors in Latin America.
- [PACTA: Taking the Temperature of Financial Assets](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/pacta-taking-the-temperature-of-financial-assets/) - In September 2018, we introduced the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) tool: a free software that calculates the extent to which corporate capital expenditures and industrial assets behind a given equity, bond, or lending portfolio are aligned with various climate scenarios.
- ["Science-based Targets" for Financial Institutions: Position Deck & Stakeholder Survey](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/sbti-survey/) - This document presents a technical analysis of the draft criteria proposed by the SBTi consortium, as well as results from a stakeholder survey conducted between February and April 2020.
- ["Swipe Left:" Warum es bei nachhaltigen Finanzprodukten keine Matches gibt](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/swipe-left/) - Dieser Bericht greift die aktuelle Diskussion zur Integration von Nachhaltigkeit in die Geldanlage von Privatanleger*innen auf.
- [1in1000: Integrating Future Risks & Challenges into Investment Metrics, Processes, and Financial Regulation](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/1in1000-concept-note/) - 1in1000 is a new research program by 2° Investing Initiative that brings together new & existing research projects on long-termism, climate change, and (inter-)connected future risks for financial markets, the economy, and society.
- [Are Sustainable Finance Policies Evidence-Based?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/are-sustainable-finance-policies-evidence-based/) - An analysis of whether the EU’s procedural framework for sustainable finance policymaking is fit for purpose
- [The Cost for the Financial Sector if Firms Delay Climate Action](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-cost-for-the-financial-sector-if-firms-delay-climate-action/) - The launch report of the Climate Stress Testing and Scenarios Project (CSTS), a joint initiative of the Oxford Sustainable Finance Group, University of Oxford & 2° Investing Initiative
- [What do your clients actually want? Understanding and estimating household demand for sustainable financial products](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/what-do-your-clients-actually-want/) - The untapped, multi-trillion market opportunity for green financial retail products
- [4 strategies for integrating dynamic assumptions into long-term stress-tests](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/4-strategies-for-integrating-dynamic-assumptions-into-long-term-stress-tests/) - New report on options for integrating dynamic portfolio assumptions into regulatory stress-tests
- [Cabinet of Curiosities - The world of mainstream & low-carbon benchmarks](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/cabinet-of-curiosities-the-world-of-mainstream-low-carbon-benchmarks/) - New research on climate & mainstream benchmarks
- [0% of PCAF signatories currently comply with the PCAF standard](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/0-of-pcaf-signatories-currently-comply-with-the-pcaf-standard/) - Review of 70 disclosures highlights lack of compliance with PCAF standard
- [The original sinS*: the intertwined climate and financial challenges of developing countries](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-original-sins-the-intertwined-climate-and-financial-challenges-of-developing-countries/) - This report outlines the intertwinned climate and financial challenges of developing countries and potential ways to overcome them.
- [Four Public Policy Avenues for Scaling Up Sustainable Finance in Brazil](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/four-public-policy-avenues-for-scaling-up-sustainable-finance-in-brazil/) - This policy brief takes stock of the results of the PACTA analysis of the Brazilian fund industry.
- [Too big to fail: Measuring the alignment of the Brazilian fund’s industry with climate goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/too-big-to-fail-measuring-the-alignment-of-the-brazilian-funds-industry-with-climate-goals/) - In a collaborative initiative, PACTA joined forces with the German Agency for International Cooperation programs, Finanças Brasileiras Sustentáveis (FiBraS), and Programa Políticas sobre Mudança do Clima (PoMuC), along with the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM), to conduct an assessment of Brazilian funds' portfolios in relation to the goals of the Paris Agreement.
- [How to reveal nature-negative investments and support their reduction?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/how-to-reveal-nature-negative-investments-and-support-their-reduction/) - The Global Biodiversity Framework (adopted during COP15) set the ambition to halt biodiversity loss by 2050. This ambition calls for a reduction of nature-negative investments and requires efficient mechanisms and tools to identify and monitor them.
- [Transition to a Low-Carbon Society and Sustainable Economic Recovery](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/transition-to-a-low-carbon-society-and-sustainable-economic-recovery/) - The following essay outlines a practical proposal to consider simultaneously the issues of mitigation of carbon emissions, financial system stability, and global economic growth objectives.
- [Measuring Progress on Greening Financial Markets](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/measuring-progress-on-greening-financial-markets/) - In the context of the G20 Green Finance Study Group, one of the key questions focuses on the challenge of measuring progress around mobilizing capital for ‘green’ investments and shifting capital out of ‘brown’ investments.
- [Carbon Intensity ≠ Carbon Risk Exposure](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/carbon-intensity-carbon-exposure/) - The concept of “carbon risk”, financial risk to companies associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy, has steadily grown in the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and responsible investing fields in recent years.
- [Climate Disclosure: How to Make it Fly](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/climate-disclosure-how-to-make-it-fly/) - This report outlines the main design flaws of the current corporate reporting paradigm and ways to improve corporate reporting & disclosures.
- [Lifeguard Wanted: Tracking Art. 2.1c & Transition Risks in Financial Markets](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/lifeguard-wanted-tracking-article-2-1c-transition-risks-in-financial-markets/) - This briefing provides a roadmap for financial regulators and climate policymakers to supervise and monitor regulated entities’ capital misallocation relative to the Paris Agreement and potential financial risk associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy.
- [Into the Fire... Financial Supervision in a Post-Crisis / Pre-Crisis World](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/into-the-fire-financial-supervision-in-a-post-crisis-pre-crisis-world/) - The world of financial supervision is changing. The last decade of financial supervision has largely been dedicated to dealing with the fallout of the global financial crisis of 2007-2008, nursing financial institutions and markets back to health.
- [A Large Majority of Retail Clients Want to Invest Sustainably](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/retail-clients-sustainable-investment/) - Two-thirds of French and German retail investors say they want to invest in an environmentally responsible manner, according to a series of consumer-focused surveys conducted by 2DII in 2019.
- [Do You Manage What You Measure?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/do-you-manage-what-you-measure-journal-of-sustainable-finance-investment/) - Despite the political mandate of Article 2.1(c) of the Paris Agreement to align finance flows ‘with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development,’ many investors do not manage physical and transitional climate risks.
- [Implications of Climate Change for Risk Management](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/implications-of-climate-change-for-risk-management-fasecolda/) - A study of climate change-related risk and its implications for the insurance market, published by the Federation of Colombian Insurers (Fasecolda).
- [Impact Washing Gets a Free Ride](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/impact-washing-gets-a-free-ride/) - With its Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth, the European Commission set the ambitious goal of “reorienting capital flows toward sustainable investment”.
- [The Green Supporting Factor](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-green-supporting-factor-quantifying-the-impact-on-european-banks-and-green-finance/) - In the context of mobilising policy actions with regard to sustainable finance, the European Parliament and Commission are considering introducing a Green Supporting Factor (GSF) or Brown Penalty (BP) for capital reserve requirements.
- [Testing the Japanese Listed Equity Market Alignment with the 2°C Climate Goal](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/testing-the-japanese-listed-equity-market-alignment-with-the-2c-climate-goal/) - This report compares the energy and technology exposure of the Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX) stock market index with the 2°C roadmap of the International Energy Agency (IEA).
- [It's on You! Bringing Climate Assessments for Household Credit into the 21st Century](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/its-on-you-bringing-climate-assessments-for-household-credit-into-the-21st-century/) - Despite their prominence, climate assessments for consumer loans have been limited to date, with few pilots and limited adoption by market actors. This report represents the first overview of climate assessment and 2°C scenario alignment analysis for consumer loans.
- [A Taxonomy of Climate Accounting Principles for Financial Portfolios](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/a-taxonomy-of-climate-accounting-principles-for-financial-portfolios/) - Climate accounting for financial portfolios has seen growing prominence in the past years, thanks to both private and public sector initiatives.
- [Out of the Fog](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/out-of-the-fog-quantifiying-the-alignment-of-swiss-pension-funds-and-insurances-with-the-paris-agreement/) - In 2017, recognizing the importance of the financial sector in the transition to a low carbon economy, the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) and the State Secretariat for International Financial Matters (SIF) initiated a voluntary assessment of the alignment of Swiss pension funds and insurance portfolios with the below 2-degrees climate goal.
- [Non-Financial Message in a Bottle](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/non-financial-message-in-a-bottle-how-the-environmental-objectives-of-retail-investors-are-overlooked-in-mifid-ii-priips-implementation/) - Retail investors hold significant amounts of assets and are therefore an important decision maker for the allocation of financial resources. Mobilising retail investors to take investment decisions in line with international climate goals could be an important factor in closing the funding gap to meet emission reduction goals.
- [Sustainability Improvement Loans](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/sustainability-improvement-loans-a-risk-based-approach-to-changing-capital-requirements-in-favor-of-sustainability-outcomes/) - In the context of the EU Action Plan on Sustainable Finance, the European Commission plans to explore the introduction of a Green Supporting Factor (GSF) under capital requirement frameworks, which would incentivize banks to lend to ‘green’ activities.
- [The Bigger Picture: The Impact of Automation, AI, Shared Economy ... on Oil Demand](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-bigger-picture-the-impact-of-automation-ai-shared-economy-on-oil-demand/) - This working paper shows that breakthrough technologies - the shared economy, 3D printing, autonomous vehicles, nanotechnologies, and artificial intelligence, among others - could shave around 30 million barrels per day off of global oil demand.
- [Shooting for the Moon in a Hot Air Balloon?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/shooting-for-the-moon-in-a-hot-air-balloon-measuring-how-green-bonds-contribute-to-scaling-up-investments-in-green-projects-a-discussion-paper/) - The discussion paper aims to pave the way for the development of a framework for assessing and moving forward the “contribution of green bonds to scaling up the investments in green projects”.
- [The Elephant in the Room: Aligning Global Bond Markets with Climate Goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/discussion-paper-the-elephant-in-the-room-aligning-global-bond-markets-with-climate-goals/) - Bond markets–representing the largest asset class in capital markets–are critical in the context of achieving the Paris Agreement.
- [Climate Impact: What It Is and How to Achieve It](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/climate-impact-what-it-is-and-how-to-achieve-it/) - Financial market participants have been increasingly in the spotlight when it comes to climate change.
- [The Transition Risk-o-Meter](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-transition-risk-o-meter/) - This report constitutes the first attempt to develop transition scenarios involving over 30 parameters across 8 sectors directly tailored for financial risk and scenario analysis by companies, equity and credit research analysts, and financial institutions.
- [Optimal Diversification and the Energy Transition](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/optimal-diversification-and-the-energy-transition/) - Given the inability of current indices to ensure optimal energy technology diversification, new indices need to be developed that ensure optimal diversification both from a sector and energy technology perspective.
- [Decree Implementing Article 173-VI of the French Law for the Energy Transition](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/decree-implementing-article-173-vi-of-the-french-law-for-the-energy-transition/) - In July 2015, France strengthened mandatory climate disclosure requirements for listed companies and introduced the first mandatory requirements for institutional investors as part of Article 173 of the Law for the Energy Transition and Green Growth.
- [Financing the 'Clean Billion'](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/financing-the-clean-billion-the-role-of-investors-and-policymakers-in-solving-the-climate-innovation-puzzle/) - From shifting the trillions to addressing the billions. There is a growing narrative and traction among investors around contributing to financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.
- [Carbon Risk for Financial Institutions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/carbon-risk-for-financial-institutions/) - Climate stress tests remain widely misunderstood, despite their value as a risk management tool.
- [Green SMEs and Access to Finance: The Role of Banking Diversity](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/green-smes-and-access-to-finance/) - The cost and availability of capital act as a key constraint to financing the small green economy.
- [Climate Impact: What it is and How to Achieve it](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/climate-impact-what-it-is-and-how-to-achieve-it-copy/) - This paper, first presented at the Global Stranded Assets Conference hosted by the Smith School in Oxford September 2015, looks at developments over the past two years around the concepts of carbon asset risk, stranded assets and wasted capital in relation to the fossil fuel industry.
- [Assessing the Alignment of Portfolios with Climate Goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/assessing-the-alignment-of-portfolios-with-climate-goals/) - The primary objective of the project is to provide a framework for investors and policy makers to translate high-level climate policy goals (e.g. limiting global warming to 2°C) into a benchmark that can inform portfolio allocation targets.
- [Shifting Private Capital Towards Climate-Friendly Investments](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/shifting-private-capital-towards-climate-friendly-investments/) - Part of the challenge of implementing green financial regulation is that there is currently very little analysis on green financial regulatory incentives.
- [Climate Strategies & Metrics: Exploring Options for Institutional Investors](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/climate-strategies-and-metrics-exploring-options-for-institutional-investors-a-report-co-authored-by-2-investing-initiative-world-resources-institute-and-unep-fi/) - This report reviews the strategies and metrics available to investors seeking to measure and improve the climate friendliness of their portfolios, defined as the intent to reduce GHG emissions and aid the transition to a low-carbon economy through investment activities.
- [Building a Sustainable Financial System in the EU](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/building-sustainable-financial-system-eu/) - Over the past 20 years, the European Union has often been at the forefront of efforts to build a financial system that supports sustainable development. A growing number of social entrepreneurs, mainstream financial institutions, as well as public investment banks have led these efforts.
- [Trails for Climate Disclosure: A Regulatory Overview](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/report-trails-for-climate-disclosure-a-regulatory-review/) - Published in partnership with the Swiss Federal Office of the Environment, this report provides detailed guidance on how financial regulators and policymakers can support climate transparency by financial institutions and thus help to implement the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).
- [Changing Colors](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/changing-colors-adaptive-capacity-of-companies-in-the-context-of-the-transition-to-a-low-carbon-economy/) - This paper seeks to explore the question of adaptive capacity of companies to financial risks that may arise in the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy.
- [Limited Visibility: The Current State of Corporate Disclosure on Long-term Risks](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/limited-visibility-the-current-state-of-corporate-disclosure-on-long-term-risks/) - This discussion paper extends the analysis of time horizons in financial markets, conducted as part of the Tragedy of the Horizons project, to ‘long term risk disclosures’ by companies.
- [The Carbon Boomerang](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-carbon-boomerang-litigation-risk-as-a-driver-and-consequence-of-the-energy-transition/) - Climate change-related litigation risks have the potential to act as both a material driver, and consequence, of the energy transition (or ‘ET’).
- [Der Finanzsektor als Brücke zum 2°Klimaziel](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/finanzsektor-als-brucke/) - Der Finanzsektor als Brücke zum 2°Klimaziel: Perspektiven für den deutschen und internationalen Finanzmarkt
- [All Swans are Black in the Dark](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/all-swans-are-black-in-the-dark/) - Academic literature calls ‘Black swans’ financial risks that are unpredictable.
- [The Long and Winding Road](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/the-long-and-winding-road/) - This report is the second in the Tragedy of the Horizon series and focuses on the role of equity fund managers by assessing portfolio turnover.
- [Establishing China's Green Financial System](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/establishing-chinas-green-financial-system/) - China’s environmental carrying capacity is at its upper limit; with levels of pollution in many areas that can no longer be ignored or tolerated.
- [Greening China's Financial System - Synthesis Report](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/greening-chinas-financial-system/) - This Synthesis Report is based on an 18-month project, Greening China’s Financial System.
- [Politiques publiques pour le secteur financier et transition énergétique](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/politiques-transition-energetique/) - Le rôle du secteur financier dans la transition énergétique fait l’objet d’une attention de plus en plus marquée, y compris dans le cadre de la négociation internationale sur le changement climatique.
- [Developing 2°C Compatible Investment Criteria](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/developing-2-compatible-investment-criteria/) - This report studies the development of criteria for assessing the compatibility of financial investments with the international goal to limit global temperature increase to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
- [Reviewing the Evidence: 10 Questions for the FSB Climate Disclosure Task Force](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/fsb-climate-disclosure/) - On November 9th, 2015, the Financial Stability Board (FSB) published a 5-page background note as part of the announcement of the establishment of an industry-led Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (Task Force).
- [Carbon Boomerang: The Landscape of Climate Litigation Risks](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/carbon-boomerang-the-landscape-of-climate-litigation-risks/) - Climate-related litigation risk is the long-term risk that lawsuits targeting companies with high cumulated past emissions create liabilities, based on the company’s share of responsibility in the cost of global warming.
- [Asset-Level Data & Climate-related Financial Analysis: A Market Survey](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/asset-level-data-and-climate-relate-financial-analysis-a-market-survey/) - Policy processes across a range of countries and at international level stress the importance of transparency on climate-related data and performance indicators in financial markets and public policy.
- [Finance Sector Alignment with International Climate Goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/finance-sector-alignment-with-international-climate-goals-reviewing-options-and-obstacles/) - The Greenwin project is a major international transdisciplinary research collaboration applying a solution-oriented approach targeted at increasing the understanding of links between climate action and sustainability and overcoming implementation barriers through win-win strategies.
- [Transition Risks and Market Failure](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/transition-risks-and-market-failure/) - This paper provides a theoretical discourse linking traditional market failure literature and the recent research around potential stranded assets risks associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy (defined here as ‘transition risks’).
- [Yellow Brick Road](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/yellow-brick-road/) - The importance of finance to support climate action is now widely recognized, enshrined in the Paris Agreement (Article 2.1(c)). Further, non-state actors of all kinds (cities, regions, companies, and financial institutions are endeavoring to set “science-based targets”, a recognition that achieving global goals will require everyone to do their fair share of climate mitigation.
- [Right Direction, Wrong Equipment](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/right-direction-wrong-equipment-why-transition-risks-do-not-fit-into-regulatory-stress-tests/) - This report seeks to explore options around integrating transition risk into mainstream stress-test scenarios used by financial supervisory authorities.
- [Climate Strategies and Metrics](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/climate-strategies-and-metrics/) - This report reviews the strategies and metrics available to investors seeking to measure and improve the climate friendliness of their portfolios, defined as the intent to reduce GHG emissions and aid the transition to a low-carbon economy through investment activities.
- [Carbon Asset Risk: Discussion Framework](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/carbon-asset-risk-discussion-framework/) - The dialogue around carbon asset risk has grown over time, but it has occurred in the absence of a comprehensive, generally accepted framework to guide institutions and other stakeholders in their efforts to think consistently and systematically about the issue.
- [Investor Climate Disclosure](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/investor-climate-disclosure/) - This review is designed to map the current options for investors seeking to disclose on the climate goal alignment and / or transition risk associated with their financial portfolios.
- [Transition Risk Toolbox](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/transition-risk-toolbox/) - This toolbox is designed as a guide for relevant stakeholders seeking to define the ‘tools’—scenarios, data needs, and models—required for transition risk modelling.
- [Hit & Miss: About TCFD Disclosure Guidance for Financial Institutions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/hit-miss-about-tcfd-disclosure-guidance-for-financial-institutions/) - This report offers feedback on the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations.
- [Fiscalité de l’Epargne Financière et Orientation des Investissements](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/fiscalite-de-lepargne-financiere-et-orientation-des-investissements-adapter-lesmecanismes-actuels-auxbesoins-de-financementa-long-terme/) - This study looks at the effects of savings taxation on the financing of the economy in France, especially for sectors that are in need of financing, such as the energy transition.
- [Transition Risks and Market Failure](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/transition-risks-and-market-failure-a-theoretical-discourse-on-why-financial-models-and-economic-agents-may-misprice-risk-related-to-the-transition-to-a-low-carbon-economy/) - A Theoretical Discourse on Why Financial Models and Economic Agents may Misprice Risk Related to the Transition to a Low-carbon Economy
- [Discussion Paper: The Elephant in the Room - Aligning Global Bond Markets with Climate Goals](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/discussion-paper-the-elephant-in-the-room-aligning-global-bond-markets-with-climate-goals-2/) - Bond markets–representing the largest asset class in capital markets –are critical in the context of achieving the Paris Agreement. The global bond market is roughly $100 trillion globally–roughly three times the size of the EU and United States GDP combined –and it’s been growing by a factor of ten since the early 1990s. Bond markets
- [Discussion paper: Shooting for the moon in a hot air balloon? Measuring how green bonds contribute to scaling up investments in green projects](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/resource/discussion-paper-shooting-for-the-moon-in-a-hot-air-balloon-measuring-how-green-bonds-contribute-to-scaling-up-investments-in-green-projects-2/) - May 2018: This discussion paper aims to pave the way for the development of a framework for assessing and moving forward the “contribution of green bonds to scaling up the investments in green projects”. The paper focuses on the case of ‘Use-of-Proceeds Green Bonds’ (UoP GB) that represent 95% of the market in 2016. It discusses

## Events

- [Financing for Development 4 in Seville](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/financing-for-development-4-in-seville/) - François Gemenne, the President of the Sustainable Finance Observatory will present the Report and Call to Action at the following FfD4 side events in Seville.
- [Plénière de restitution du projet FiRéno+](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/pleniere-de-restitution-du-projet-fireno/) - Comment pensez-vous que le secteur du bâtiment peut contribuer à un avenir plus vert ? Discutons-en lors de la plénière de restitution le 19 Juin 2025
- [Debt-for-adaptation swaps, the international monetary system & climate change](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/debt-for-adaptation-swaps-the-international-monetary-system-climate-change/) - An affiliated event to the Global Summit on a New Global Financing Pact organized by Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII).
- [Moving the blockers of retail sustainable finance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/moving-the-blockers-of-retail-sustainable-finance/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) continues its research work in Retail investing on a European level.
- [Mainstreaming Finance for Biodiversity](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/mainstreaming-finance-for-biodiversity/) - 🌿 Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) event about Sustainable Finance and Biodiversity.🌿
- [The role of central banks in developing sustainable finance in Africa](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/the-role-of-central-banks-in-developing-sustainable-finance-in-africa/) - COP 28 side-event organised by Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII).
- [Debt-for-nature swaps, instruments for a fair transition?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/debt-for-nature-swaps-instruments-for-a-fair-transition/) - COP 28 side-event organised by Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII).
- [FiRéno+ Plenary Session](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/fireno-plenary-session/) - “FiRéno+, the project that aims to increase investment in energy-efficient building renovation and the integration of renewable energies, in mainland France and the French overseas territories”.
- [FiRéno+ Table Ronde DROM](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/fireno-table-ronde-drom/) - Rejoignez-nous, le 1er octobre, pour une table ronde en ligne où nous aborderons les modalités d’accompagnement techniques et financières pour amplifier les investissements dans la rénovation performante et le développement des EnR intégrées aux bâtiments dans les DROM ! 🌎
- [Reframing the EU landscape for corporate sustainability information](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/reframing-the-eu-landscape-for-corporate-sustainability-information/) - The paper "Reframing the EU landscape for corporate sustainability information" advocates for reframing EU corporate sustainability reporting from a purely corporate-centric approach to a model that enhances interoperability with administrative, statistical, and third-party datasets and includes georeferenced data.
- [Collective Impact Through Coordinated Price Signalling](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/collective-impact-through-coordinated-price-signalling/) - We are pleased to invite you to join our webinar to learn more about our latest report on Collective Impact Through Coordinated Price Signalling.
- [Collective Impact Through Collaborative Engagement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/8956/) - We are pleased to invite you to join our webinar to learn more about our latest report on Collective Impact Through Coordinated Price Signalling.
- [Rethink Sustainable Finance Together!](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/rethink-sustainable-finance-together/) - 2° Investing Initiative and the Sustainable Finance Observatory are delighted to invite you to a special event bringing together key players in sustainable finance.
- [High Level Forum for Sustainable Finance (HLEF) 2022](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/high-level-forum-for-sustainable-finance-hlef-2022/) - "Co-Creating the Future of Sustainable Finance!" 🌳 here is the upcoming meeting of @LevelEEI in which 2DII will take part!
- [Webinar: 6 National Country Reports](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/webinar-6-national-country-reports/) - Discover the latest 2DII research work, "6 National Country Reports," addressing the retail demand and market potential for green/sustainable financial solutions in six EU countries
- [Webinar: The Impact Potential Assessment Framework (IPAF) for financial products](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/webinar-the-impact-potential-assessment-framework-ipaf-for-financial-products/) - A new science-based framework to assess the impact potential of financial products.
- [Webinar: Questionnaire for assessing client sustainability preferences and motivations](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/questionnaire-for-assessing-client-sustainability-preferences-and-motivations/) - For use with the accompanying guidance
- [Webinar: Guide on environnemental impact claims for financial products in France](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/guide-on-environnemental-impact-claims-for-financial-products-in-france/) - This guide, co-authored by ADEME and 2DII, with the contribution of the CGDD, aims to assist financial institutions in a clear, accurate, and non-misleading communication approach.
- [Webinar: Assessing client sustainability preferences](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/webinar-assessing-client-sustainability-preferences/) - Presentation of the mystery shopping campaign results assessing financial advisor's compliance with new regulatory requirements, MiFID II by David Cooke. Sustainable Finance Observatory
- [High Level Expert Forum for Sustainable Finance (HLEF): "Co-Creating the Future of Sustainable Finance"](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/high-level-expert-forum-for-sustainable-finance-hlef-co-creating-the-future-of-sustainable-finance/) - Join our interactive High-Level Expert Forum for Sustainable Finance to discuss with a selected group of experts from industry, academia and politics and co-create new solutions to effectively increase energy efficiency and sustainable energy in the real economy. As an active player in the promotion of sustainable finance, 2DII will contributes to leading the conversation alognside experts from industry, academia
- [Webinar: Measuring investment portfolio alignment to climate scenarios](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/webinar-measuring-investment-portfolio-alignment-to-climate-scenarios/) - Since the signing of the Paris Agreement, there has been a proliferation of climate-related risk analysis methodologies and tools.
- [Webinar: Discover the sustainable investing platform MyFairMoney](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/presentation-of-the-sustainable-investing-platform-myfairmoney/) - What if we could harness the power of retail investors to tackle the climate crisis?
- [Allies for an inclusive climate transition in Colombia](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/inclusive-climate-transition-in-colombia/) - Join experts from 2DII, Universidad de Los Andes, WTW, and Colombian government institutions to discuss strategies for an inclusive climate transition in Colombia
- [Webinar: Climate transition risks in Colombia](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/climate-transition-risks-in-colombia/) - In this webinar (Spanish-only), 2° Investing Initiative (2DII) and WTW will dive into climate transition risk issues in Colombia for public and financial sector actors.
- [Événement Green Talk](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/evenement-greentalk/) - Comment reprendre en main ses choix d’épargne quand on est un épargnant particulier de façon à contribuer à la transition bas carbone ?
- [Measuring the alignment of Norway’s financial sector with the Paris Agreement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/measuring-the-alignment-of-norways-financial-sector-with-the-paris-agreement/) - In 2021, 2° Investing Initiative worked with the Norwegian Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Climate and Environment to measure the Norwegian financial sector's alignment with climate benchmarks.
- [Measuring portfolio alignment to climate scenarios & climate transition stress-testing (Part 2)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/measuring-portfolio-alignment-to-climate-scenarios-climate-transition-stress-testing-part-2/) - In this 2-part JC3 Upskilling Sustainability Training Series, experts from 2DII, ING, and WWF will present practical solutions on climate scenario analysis and stress-testing for financial institutions and corporates.
- [Measuring portfolio alignment to climate scenarios & climate transition stress-testing (Part 1)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/measuring-portfolio-alignment-to-climate-scenarios-climate-transition-stress-testing/) - In this 2-part JC3 Upskilling Sustainability Training Series, experts from 2DII, ING, and WWF will present practical solutions on climate scenario analysis and stress-testing for financial institutions and corporates.
- [The Long and Short of It](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/the-long-and-short-of-it/) - For 50 years, humanity has been slowly coming to terms with the reality that our economy is bounded by our ecology.
- [The regulatory context of net-zero financing](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/the-regulatory-context-of-net-zero-financing/) - A webinar exploring the regulatory landscape and its role in catalysing engagement between asset owners and asset managers.
- [Annual High-Level Expert Forum for Sustainable Finance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/annual-high-level-expert-forum-for-sustainable-finance/) - Leveling the (green) playing field for retail investors
- [COP26 Side Event: Driving Net Zero Finance Integrity](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/driving-net-zero-finance-integrity/) - This COP26 side event, co-hosted by CPI, 2DII, and UNEP-FI, will bring together leading experts in the net zero and sustainable finance space to discuss what's needed to align financial flows with the Paris Agreement goals and ensure impact in the real economy.
- [Climate Reporting & the Road to Net-Zero](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/climate-reporting-road-to-net-zero/) - Just after Climate Finance Day and as part of Paris for Tomorrow Week, join us for a webinar featuring high-level experts on climate reporting in the financial sector!
- [UNEP-FI Webinar Series: The Net Zero Banking Alliance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/unep-fi-webinar-series-the-net-zero-banking-alliance/) - A series of virtual events on UNEP-FI's net-zero finance alliances in Spanish, English and Portuguese
- [UNEP-FI Webinar Series: The Net Zero Asset Owners Alliance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/net-zero-asset-owners-alliance/) - A series of virtual events on UNEP-FI's net-zero finance alliances in Spanish, English and Portuguese
- [Engaging with fossil fuel companies](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/engaging-with-fossil-fuel-companies/) - A webinar exploring the complexities of engagement between asset owners and managers and fossil fuel companies in driving climate-related impact in the real economy.
- [Sommet Virtuel du Climat : Contribution des institutions financières à la neutralité carbone](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/sommet-virtuel-du-climat/) - Le secteur financier a un rôle à jouer dans la décarbonation de l'économie !
- [Finance ClimAct webinar: New tools for a renewed EU strategy](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/finance-climact-webinar-new-tools-for-a-renewed-eu-strategy/) - The Finance ClimAct project has just completed its first phase (March 2019 - March 2021), contributing directly to the implementation of the French and European policies for sustainable finance.
- [Measuring the alignment of financial portfolios](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/measuring-the-alignment-of-financial-portfolios/) - A webinar exploring methods to measure the alignment of financial portfolios with climate scenarios and how this supports engagement between asset managers and asset owners.
- [Driving climate impact through engagement with investment managers](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/driving-climate-impact-through-engagement-with-investment-managers/) - A webinar exploring the relationships between institutional investors and asset managers in driving climate-related impact in the real economy.
- [Financial supervision beyond the business cycle: towards a new paradigm](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/financial-supervision-beyond-the-business-cycle-towards-a-new-paradigm/) - Join our podcast-style webinar to learn more about the path to a new paradigm in central banking and financial supervision, on 18th March from 3-3:45pm CET.
- [International Climate Reporting Awards: Roundtable & Prize Ceremony (virtual)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/climate-reporting-awards-ceremony-2020/) - As part of Paris for Tomorrow week, join us for an expert-led debate on climate disclosures and find out this year’s winners of the International Climate Reporting Awards!
- [Leveling the playing field for energy efficiency investment products](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/energy-efficiency-investment-products/) - A side event of the fourth annual conference of the Global Research Alliance for Sustainable Finance and Investment (GRASFI), organized by Better Finance, 2DII, WWF and Maastricht University
- [Aligning finance for the net zero economy: new ideas from leading thinkers](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/aligning-finance-for-the-net-zero-economy-new-ideas-from-leading-thinkers/) - EIT Climate-KIC has partnered with UNEP FI to produce this ‘thought leadership’ series, which aims to inspire financial actors worldwide to move from risk to alignment, challenge current assumptions around climate alignment, and develop ideas and concepts on how alignment can best be achieved.
- [JC3 Flagship Conference 2021: #FinanceForChange](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/jc3-flagship-conference-2021-financeforchange/) - The Joint Committee on Climate Change (JC3) an initiative co-chaired by Securities Commission Malaysia and Bank Negara Malaysia, will be hosting the inaugural JC3 Flagship Conference 2021, Finance for Change, on 23-25 June 2021.
- [ZEIT für Klima: Digital Earth Day Event](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/zeitfuerklima/) - How do we design a more sustainable, resource-efficient, and fairer society?
- [Sustainable Investment Forum Europe 2021](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/sustainable-investment-forum-europe-2021/) - The 4th annual Sustainable Investment Forum Europe returns in April 2021 as a 4-part digital event series across 2 weeks.
- [PPCA Summit: Transitioning Financial Flows from Coal to Clean Energy](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/transitioning-financial-flows-from-coal-to-clean-energy/) - During this PPCA Summit session, you will hear from leading financial institutions, including new PPCA members, on how to successfully move away from investing in coal.
- [European Finance Summit](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/european-finance-summit/) - The European Finance Summit, scheduled for March 18th, is focused on the theme, “From finance leaders to changemakers - Sustainable recovery & green transition."
- [Enhancing transparency & aligning private financial flows with the Paris Agreement](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/webinar-enhancing-transparency-aligning-private-financial-flows-with-the-paris-agreement/) - This technical webinar will focus on how to use the Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment (PACTA) model to measure the alignment of equity/corporate bond portfolios and global bank loans with the Paris Agreement.
- [Climate Tools Workshop](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/climate-tools-workshop/) - Aligning climate targets, pledges and actions of financial institutions and corporations with the Paris Agreement
- [Bridging the gap: From portfolio alignment to impact](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/bridging-the-gap-from-portfolio-alignment-to-impact/) - A technical discussion on evidence-based and impact-oriented targets
- [Webinar on the future ISO 14097 Standard on climate change and the finance sector](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/webinar-on-the-future-iso-14097-standard-on-climate-change-and-the-finance-sector/) - Be among the first financial institutions to learn about the new standard, road-test and have your say!
- [Target-Setting Webinars (Feb. 20th / 28th)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/target-setting-webinars-feb-20th-or-28th/) - We will be holding two webinars on Feb. 20th and 28th to consult our stakeholders and gather feedback on next steps for science-based targets for financial institutions.
- [Beyond alignment: Monitoring the financing of the energy transition](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/conference-beyond-alignment-monitoring-the-financing-of-the-energy-transition/) - Join us for a high-level discussion on financing the energy transition
- [PACTA for Banks Training Webinar](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/save-the-date-pacta-for-banks-webinar/) - Following the public launch of PACTA for Banks, 2DII and its partners are holding a training webinar on 13 October from 3-5pm (Paris time) to explain how the methodology and toolkit works.
- [PACTA for Banks Training Webinar 2: Matching a loan book to physical assets in the real economy](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/pacta-for-banks-training-webinar-2-matching-a-loan-book-to-asset-level-data/) - Sign up for our next training webinar on PACTA for Banks!
- [Sustainable Finance & Consumer Protection Webinar](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/sustainable-finance-consumer-protection-webinar/) - 2° Investing Initiative will launch and discuss a new series of research papers focused on retail clients’ sustainability investment objectives, compliance of environmental marketing claims, and consent of beneficiaries on the use of shareholder voting rights.
- [Webinaire Finance ClimAct: Des outils au service des initiatives privées et publiques](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/webinaire-finance-climact-des-outils-au-service-des-initiatives-privees-et-publiques/) - Lancé il y a un an, l’initiative Finance ClimAct contribue à la mise en œuvre concrète et opérationnelle des plans d’actions français et européens sur la finance durable.
- [Sustainable Investment Forum Europe 2020](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/sustainable-investment-forum/) - In response to COVID-19 and the unpredictability of holding physical events in the short term, the Sustainable Investment Forum Europe 2020, in official partnership with UNEP-FI returns during 8-22 September as a 4-part digital event series, running weekly for one month – watch live or on-demand.
- [Webinar: COVID-19 stress-test scenarios](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/webinar-covid-19-stress-test-scenarios/) - As part of 2° Investing Initiative's new research workstream on risk management and response efforts to COVID-19, we will be holding a webinar to present our latest insights.
- [Webinar: How do climate reporting & transparency shape climate action?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/webinar-how-do-climate-reporting-transparency-shape-climate-action/) - Transparency has been at the heart of many of the global climate commitments that have emerged over the past year.
- [Asset-level Data Annual Meeting](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/asset-level-data-conference/) - The GeoAsset Project at the University of Oxford, as a programme of the Spatial Finance Initiative, is partnering with 2° Investing Initiative to host an online meeting on asset-level data on 8th June 2020 (10am-3:30pm Paris time).
- [Earth Day Week 2020](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/earth-day-week-2020/) - The public, free, online, no-fly climate conference, marking the 50th anniversary of Earth Day.
- [Webinar - Tiempos de cambio en América Latina](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/webinar-tiempos-de-cambio-en-america-latina/) - Avances en la integración de riesgos de cambio climático por parte de instituciones financieras y reguladores
- [Sustainable Investment Forum Europe 2020](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/sustainable-investment-forum-europe-2020/) - Mobilising sustainable investment towards a 1.5 degree world
- [Colombian Climate Assets Owners Disclosure Initiative Workshop](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/colombian-climate-assets-owners-disclosure-initiative/) - The Colombian Climate Assets Owners Disclosure Initiative (CCADI) is holding a workshop that promotes collaboration and a growth of the skills necessary to perform new actions, which will contribute to climate disclosure and strategic climate-smart investments of both the UK and Colombia.
- [Investing for Impact Summit](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/investing-for-impact-summit/) - Investing for Impact ‘2020 vision’ will explore how after years of advocacy to become mainstream, the impact investment community now faces a different challenge: as more institutions and actors pile in, there is a growing fog and confusion about what impact investing really means, and how it intersects and overlaps with other linked domains like sustainable finance.
- [International Climate Reporting Awards Ceremony](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/events/international-climate-reporting-awards-ceremony/) - Recognizing innovation and transparency among the world's financial institutions

## Partners

- [RMI](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/rmi/)
- [Le Grand Défi](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/le-grand-defi/)
- [Inevitable Policy Response](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/inevitable-policy-response/)
- [UK PACT Malaysia](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/uk-pact-malaysia/)
- [Climate-KIC](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/climate-kic/)
- [Green Growth Knowledge Partnership](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/green-finance-platform/)
- [UK PACT Colombia](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/uk-pact-colombia/)
- [UK PACT Green Recovery Challenge Fund](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/uk-pact-green-recovery-challenge-fund/)
- [Better Finance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/better-finance/)
- [Climate Bonds Initiative](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/climate-bonds-initiative/)
- [InfluenceMap](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/4574/)
- [Carbon Tracker Initiative](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/carbon-tracker-initiative/)
- [Finance for Tomorrow](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/finance-for-tomorrow/)
- [Société Générale](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/societe-generale/)
- [Santander](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/santander/)
- [KBC](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/kbc/)
- [Itaú Unibanco](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/itau-unibanco/)
- [Bancolombia](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/bancolombia/)
- [ABN AMRO](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/abn-amro/)
- [ING](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/ing/)
- [BNP Paribas](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/bnp-paribas/)
- [BBVA](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/bbva-2/)
- [Principles for Responsible Investment](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/principles-for-responsible-investment/)
- [Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/iigcc/)
- [Japan Financial Services Agency](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/japan-financial-services-agency/)
- [Agence de la Transition Écologique (ADEME)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/221/)
- [California Department of Insurance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/california-department-of-insurance/)
- [Ministère de la Transition Écologique et Solidaire](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/french-ministry-for-an-ecological-and-inclusive-transition/)
- [Agence de la Transition Écologique (ADEME)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/agence-de-lenvironnement-et-de-la-maitrise-de-lenergie/)
- [Climate Action 100+](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/climate-action-100/)
- [Institut Louis Bachelier](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/institut-louis-bachelier/)
- [GIZ](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/giz/)
- [WWF](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/wwf/)
- [Horizon 2020](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/horizon-2020/)
- [ClimateWorks Foundation](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/climateworks-foundation/)
- [Fasecolda](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/fasecolda/)
- [Spatial Finance Initiative](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/spatial-finance-initiative/)
- [Oxford Sustainable Finance Program](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/oxford-sustainable-finance-program/)
- [AFNOR Standardization](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/association-francaise-de-normalisation-afnor/)
- [German Federal Environment Ministry (BMU)](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/bmu-international-climate-initiative/)
- [Inter-American Development Bank](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/inter-american-development-bank/)
- [European Climate Foundation](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/european-climate-foundation/)
- [Life](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner/life/)

## Blogs

- [La rentrée for Sustainable Finance Observatory](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/la-rentree-for-2dii/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory's (anciennement 2DII) return after the summer
- [We Finally Have the Taxonomy Delegated Act for Biodiversity… Now What?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/we-finally-have-the-taxonomy-delegated-act-for-biodiversity-now-what/) - After much delay, the remaining delegated act under the Taxonomy Regulation was finally published in June this year.[1] This identifies what economic activities substantially contribute to the environmental objective of protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems (as well as the other environmental objectives established under the Taxonomy Regulation).
- [Climate and Biodiversity: How Can Investors Free Two Birds With One Key?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/climate-and-biodiversity-how-can-investors-free-two-birds-with-one-key/) - The upcoming COP 28 “puts nature at heart of climate action”.[1] This recognition is welcome since climate change and biodiversity loss have been highlighted as interconnected issues which should be addressed in a coordinated manner by the IPCC and IPBES.[2] Financing nature-based solutions (NBS) is a key way in which investors can effectively target both issues at the same time.
- [Introducing GoNaturePositive! and Bionext Projects](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/introducing-gonaturepositive-and-bionext-projects/) - In this article, we spotlight two exciting projects in which Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) is involved: GoNaturePositive! and BioNext.
- [Why “aligning with climate goals” doesn’t equate to “contributing” to them](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/aligning-with-climate-goals-vs-contributing/) - On February 4th, 2021, the French Treasury and the French Sustainable Development Commission released for consultation the draft decree resulting from Article 29 of the Energy-Climate Law. This draft decree includes a section requiring regulated entities to disclose their climate strategies and associated targets.
- [How can we build back green and just? Financial sector taxes as one idea](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/how-can-we-build-back-green-and-just/) - This blog is based on Sustainable Finance Observatory's (formerly 2DII) recent report, “Financial Sector Taxes and Climate Goals”.
- [Does the SFDR help the impact-focused retail investor?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/does-the-sfdr-help-the-impact-focused-retail-investor/) - The SFDR (shorthand for Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation), which entered into force in March 2021, may sound like just another acronym but it marks a major milestone in the EU’s sustainability drive.
- [Harnessing the financial sector to prepare for the next “Green Swan” event](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/the-next-green-swan-event/) - In early June, the Bank for International Settlements’ “Green Swan” summit was among the most high-profile events yet to acknowledge the systemic risks posed by climate change – and to grapple with how the financial sector can address these risks.
- [What's needed for an effective EU Sustainable Finance Strategy?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/whats-needed-for-an-effective-eu-sustainable-finance-strategy/) - Last month, the EU released its long awaited (and much delayed) new Sustainable Finance Strategy.
- [How not to get investigated by the BAFIN for alleged greenwashing - in 5 easy steps](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/how-not-to-get-investigated-by-bafin-for-greenwashing/) - ESG marketing is finally in the spotlight, says Jakob Thomae. Here are some ways to avoid the wrath of regulators.
- [COP26: How can we move from pledges to impact in the real economy?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/cop26-from-pledges-to-impact/) - One week after the end of the COP26, we now need to ask ourselves: should the Glasgow Climate Pact be viewed as a success or failure?
- [COP 27: Time For More Action!](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/cop-27-time-for-more-action/) - While the global economic outlook for 2023 is not very encouraging and the multiform crises persist, particularly on the urgent issue of climate change, what can we learn from the various discussions held at COP 27 - discussions that have been continuing until recently in Montreal on the issue of biodiversity? I propose to come back and look at what emerged to have a better understanding of the stakes, the roles and implications of the parties involved, and, above all, the course we must follow to see the long-awaited changes.
- [COP 27 : de l’action, encore l’action, toujours de l’action](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/cop-27-de-laction-encore-laction-toujours-de-laction/) - Alors que les perspectives économiques mondiales 2023 sont peu optimistes et que les crises multiformes persistent, sur la question urgente du climat, que pouvons-nous retenir des différentes discussions tenues lors de la COP 27 - discussions poursuivies en ce moment-même à Montréal sur le pan de la biodiversité ? Je vous propose de revenir sur ce qui en est ressorti afin de mieux appréhender les enjeux, les rôles et implications des parties en présence et surtout, le cap que nous devons tenir pour voir les changements tant attendus.
- [2023, the year of impact](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/2023-the-year-of-impact/) - The Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) team ended the year 2022 with a 2-day seminar aimed at taking stock of the activities and proposing orientations for the future.
- [The Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework: Is The European Taxonomy In Line?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/the-kunming-montreal-biodiversity-framework-is-the-european-taxonomy-in-line/) - The mission of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is to take urgent action to halt and reverse biodiversity loss to put nature on a path to recovery for the benefit of people and planet by conserving and sustainably using biodiversity and by ensuring the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use of genetic resources, while providing the necessary means of implementation.(1)
- [Climate finance in Africa, high ambitions and new developments](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/climate-finance-in-africa-high-ambitions-and-new-developments/) - In the recent letter shared by Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, the COP28 President-Designate, climate finance's pivotal role has been strongly reaffirmed, alongside the just transition and inclusiveness, as reflected in the motto “Unite. Act. Deliver”. In line with last year’s conclusions in Sharm El Sheik, mitigation and adaptation in developing countries will be central in the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) negotiations.
- [COP27 : une course de fond](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/cop27-une-course-de-fond/) - Face à l’urgence climatique et la nécessité d’accompagner - et parfois même d’amorcer - la transition énergétique de leur économie, les pays en développement ont fait front pour obtenir gain de cause sur la question de justice climatique lors de la dernière COP 27. Entre fortes attentes et mesures à prendre, est-ce que ce rendez-vous tant attendu a apporté satisfaction?
- [Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) Nature-Finance Stream](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/2dii-nature-finance-stream/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) Nature-Finance Stream is an innovative research program constituted of specialists in regulatory policy, economics, and finance. The stream contributes to the creation of a nature-positive and a net-zero economy and society, ensuring the principles of the Just Transition.
- [CIMS: How to support financial institutions in stepping up climate change mitigation?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/cims-how-to-support-fis-in-stepping-further-to-climate-change-mitigation/) - Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) and ADEME launched the Climate Impact Management System (CIMS) in October 2021 to assist financial institutions (FIs), develop and implement science-based climate contribution strategies. Today, we suggest having a look at the CIMS 2nd year operation.
- [Africa Speaks with One Voice and Forges a Unified Strategic Blueprint](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/africa-speaks-with-one-voice-and-forges-a-unified-strategic-blueprint/) - African Heads of State and Government gathered for Africa Climate Summit in Nairobi, Kenya, from the 4th to the 6th of September 2023, and this convening created a tremendous impression on sustainable finance. William Ruto, President of Kenya, provided a unified voice, and political leadership for climate change policies and development agendas on behalf of the continent. The Summit concluded with the adoption of the Nairobi Declaration, serving as a strategic blueprint to guide the continent's future policies, and negotiations. Let’s delve into this pivotal moment for African continent and its ability to adapt climate change challenges.
- [Greening the Agricultural Sector in the EU](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/greening-the-agricultural-sector-in-the-eu/) - The European Union has always been proud of its agricultural heritage. One of its first major programmes was the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The EU's agricultural industry created an estimated gross value added of EUR 222.3 billion in 2022[1] and is a competitive and significant exporter of value-added products (processed foods, meat, dairy products…).[2]
- [The Urgency to Transform the Agricultural Sector Worldwide](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/the-urgency-to-transform-the-agricultural-sector-worldwide/) - The agricultural sector accounts for some of the largest land usage at the global level with 12% of the planets land used for crop cultivation and a further 25% serving as pastureland and meadows. Combined, agriculture uses around 37% of Earth’s land.[1]
- [Unleashing Finance in Nature](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/unleashing-finance-in-nature/) - According to a recent study led by researchers from Queen’s University Belfast, the global decline in animal biodiversity caused by human industrialisation is even greater than previously thought.[1]
- [Every month I learned what staff thought about my performance…and it was a brilliant experience.](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/every-month-i-learned-what-staff-thought-about-my-performanceand-it-was-a-brilliant-experience/) - Blog post about Sustainable Finance Observatory (formerly 2DII) Germany's snap satisfaction survey
- [COP27: In The Race For A Marathon](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/cop27-in-the-race-for-a-marathon/) - Faced with the climate emergency and the need to support - and sometimes even initiate - the energy transition of their economies, developing countries have been fighting for climate justice at the last COP 27. Between high expectations and actions to be taken, did this highly anticipated meeting bring satisfaction?
- [Summit for a New Global Financing Pact & Climate change impacts: the necessity to overhaul the international monetary system to adapt](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/summit-for-a-new-global-financing-pact-climate-change-impacts-the-necessity-to-overhaul-the-international-monetary-system-to-adapt/) - The Summit for a New Global Financing Pact gathered the international community to discuss reforms of the global financial architecture. contributed to the discussion via a panel discussion affiliated with the Summit. We now look back on what was said during the meeting.
- [Insurance, a sector at crossroads](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/insurance-a-sector-at-a-crossroads/) - While the industry has long been aware of the impact of climate change, it is relatively recently that many international initiatives have emerged highlighting the central role of the insurance industry in climate change mitigation and adaptation.
- [L’assurance, un secteur à la croisée des chemins](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/lassurance-un-secteur-a-la-croisee-des-chemins/) - Si le secteur a, depuis longtemps, pris conscience de l’impact du changement climatique, c’est relativement récemment qu’on a vu émerger de nombreuses initiatives internationales mettant en avant le rôle central des acteurs de l’assurance dans l’atténuation et l’adaptation au changement climatique.
- [What are the current barriers to the financing of the protection of biodiversity by retail investors?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/what-are-the-current-barriers-to-the-financing-of-the-protection-of-biodiversity-by-retail-investors/) - The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, includes 4 goals and targets to be achieved by 2030 (1).
- [Finance for biodiversity protection](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/finance-for-biodiversity-protection/) - Earth Day on 22 May was an annual rendez-vous to raise awareness about the importance of protecting the environment.
- [Climate Week NYC: We Can. We Will.](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/climate-week-nyc-we-can-we-will/) - Climate Week NYC takes place annually with the partnership of the United Nations General Assembly and this year, it was held from September 17th to 23rd and featured a dynamic array of over 400 events & activities across New York City. Every year, business leaders, policymakers, local operators, decision-makers, and civil society representatives convene to collectively contribute to accelerating the transition toward a sustainable future.
- [COP 16: Global Action for Biodiversity](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/cop-16-global-action-for-biodiversity/) - From October 21st to November 1st, 2024, Colombia will be hosting the 16th Conference of the Parties (COP 16) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in the city of Cali.
- [Biodiversity in the Spotlight on the UN International Day for Biological Diversity](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/biodiversity-in-the-spotlight-on-the-un-international-day-for-biological-diversity/) - May 22nd marks the United Nations’ International Day for Biological Diversity. This event represents an opportunity to highlight the importance of integrating biodiversity in decision-making and resource allocation in order to reach a world where society and nature go hand in hand.
- [Key Dates for Biodiversity in 2024](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/key-dates-for-biodiversity-in-2024/) - We share in the following, a few major dates related to biodiversity meetings.
- [Shape Your Future! Vote in the Upcoming European Elections!](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/shape-your-future-vote-in-the-upcoming-european-elections/) - From next June 6-9, citizens of the European Union will be voting for their national representatives in the European Parliament. The European population has a right and duty to be a part of this democratic process.
- [COP28: Launching the Loss and Damage Fund on Day One](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/cop28-launching-the-loss-and-damage-fund-on-day-one/) - Global temperatures constantly hit unprecedented highs and 2023’s end brings escalating diplomatic urgency with intense scrutiny on Dubai, United Arab Emirates, where world leaders will convene to formulate a pivotal strategy for addressing climate change on an international front.
- [Key Findings of the Amazonia Summit](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/key-findings-of-the-amazonia-summit/) - Last month, on the 8th and 9th of August, the members of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)[1] reunited in Brazil, to strengthen cooperation between Amazonian countries, and to look at the future of the rainforest through an environmental, social, and economic lens.
- [Biodiversity: Agenda of upcoming events](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/biodiversity-agenda-of-upcoming-events/) - We offer to have a look at the following events related to biodiversity.
- [COP15 & the Kunming-Montreal Framework: Calling Financial Sector To Rescue Biodiversity](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/cop15-the-kunming-montreal-framework-calling-for-finance-to-rescue-biodiversity/) - After long years of discussion and negotiations, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (1) was finally adopted by more than 190 States. (2)
- [Sailing into the sunset or charting a new course? Alignment metrics to measure the prospects for a fossil fuel transition](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/sailing-into-the-sunset-or-charting-a-new-course/) - In this blog, Nicholas Dodd, Ned Dunne and George Harris report on our initial work taking a fresh look at the prospects for the upstream oil and gas sector to make the transition to net zero, and what new metrics may be needed by the financial sector to measure and track their fossil fuel sector alignment.
- [Is the UK more favourable to the impact-focussed investor?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/is-the-uk-more-favourable-to-the-impact-focussed-investor/) - Last summer, this blog addressed the shortcomings of the EU Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) in supporting retail investors who want to make a real-world impact.
- [Is the EU on its way to a green recovery from Covid?](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/blogs/is-the-eu-on-its-way-to-a-green-recovery-from-covid/) - Following the severe contraction of EU economies in 2020-21, a recovery may be on its way as the Omicron wave appears to be reaching its peak.

## Categories

- [Press](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/category/press/)
- [News](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/category/news/)

## Tags

- [press release](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/tag/press-release/)

## Topics

- [Policy work](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/policy-work/)
- [Retail investing](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/retail-investing/)
- [PACTA](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/pacta/)
- [Corporate governance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/corporate-governance/)
- [Reporting & disclosures](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/reporting-disclosures/)
- [Risk management & supervision](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/risk-management/)
- [Portfolio alignment](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/portfolio-alignment/)
- [Impact & target-setting](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/impact-target-setting/)
- [Emerging markets](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/emerging-markets/)
- [Low-carbon transition](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/low-carbon-transition/)
- [Biodiversity](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/biodiversity/)
- [NZBA](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/nzba/)
- [Bankable Sustainable Solutions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/bankable-sustainable-solutions/)
- [Nature Finance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/topic/nature-finance/)

## Audience

- [Financial institutions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/audience/financial-institutions/)
- [Regulators & policymakers](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/audience/regulators-policymakers/)
- [Insurance](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/audience/insurance/)
- [Retail investors](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/audience/retail-investors/)
- [Investor coalitions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/audience/investor-coalitions/)
- [Development Banks](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/audience/development-banks/)

## Type

- [Report](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/type/report/)
- [Project](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/type/project/)

## Partner

- [Partnerships](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner_type/partnerships/) - We partner with a range of actors in the sustainable finance sector, from governments to financial institutions to investor coalitions. Find our key project and research partners below:
- [Funding](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner_type/funding/) - As a non-profit think tank, we are grateful to our funders for making our work possible. The grant-making organizations for our current projects are below.
- [Foundations & philanthropies](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner_type/foundations/)
- [European Commission](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner_type/european-commission/)
- [Government & international organizations](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner_type/government-international-organizations/)
- [Government & international organisations](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner_type/governmental-organisations/)
- [Financial institutions & investor coalitions](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner_type/financial-institutions/)
- [NGOs, industry & trade associations](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner_type/ngos-and-investor-coalitions/)
- [Research, data providers & consultancies](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/partner_type/research-data-providers-and-consultancies/)

## Type

- [Event](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/event_type/event/)
- [Conference](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/event_type/conference/)
- [Webinar](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/event_type/webinar/)
- [Workshop](https://sustainablefinanceobservatory.org/event_type/workshop/)